In not more than 500 words, discuss the advantages farm forestry has over mono-cropping.
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FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS AND EXTENTION
U2012 SET
S/N NAMES MATRIC NO. CA1 CA2 CA3 TOTAL
1 ABERENIBOYE EVER EDWIN U2012/5015016
2 AGBENYI EMMANUEL U2012/5015041
3 AJIBOLA RUTHOLUDAMILOLA U2012/5015003
4 AKAZUA RONALD IKECHUKWU U2012/5015030
5 ALEX BOMA BOMA U2012/5015032
6 ANYANWU ELENA AKUDO U2012/5015029
7 AWA MIRACLE NENE U2012/5015028
8 AWE ABIMBOLA MICHAEL U2012/5015042
9 AZIDE UGOCHI CYNTHIA U2012/5015031
10 BANIGO QUEEN LESOR U2012/5015043
11 BASIL IFEOMA JULIET U2012/5015005
12 CHIDI CHINEDU U2012/5015009
13 CHINURU JOHNSON U2012/5015026
14 DORCLE BEULAH MARLENE U2012/5015033
15 DUBE FAVOUR TOMBARI U2012/5015027
16 EDOJA JOHN AKPOVWOVWO U2012/5015004
17 ENIYE ISAAC OYINMIEBI U2012/5015023
18 EJEAGBA IJEOMA U2012/5015049
19 EJIOGU NORA ADAUGO U2012/5015022
20 EYINDAH CYNTHIA CHIZI U2012/5015006
21 EZEGBUGHA TOBECHUKKWU U2012/5015024
22 GODFREY NOBLE U2012/5015021
23 IBANICHUKA TOKONI SYLVANUS U2012/5015034
24 IDUMHANLENA MIRACLE GIFT U2012/5015007
25 IKPE DORATHY OGOCHUKWU U2012/5015030
26 ISIGBOGE VIVIAN ONYEBUCHI U2012/5015035
27 LAMBERT SAVIOUR U2012/5015044
28 MBADUGHA UZOMA ANTHONY U2012/5015037
29 NANGOH RENITA NDOLO U2012/5015050
30 NGOR ROSE U2012/5015001
31 NWOZIRI CHIIOMA HENRIENTTA U2012/5015019
32 OBILA DICKSON CHUKWUMA U2012/5015045
33 ODIEDI JOY U2012/5015013
34 OJO AKINTOMIDE EMMANUEL U2012/5015012
35 OLADEJO EMMANUEL GBENGA U2012/5015017
36 OKAFOR NNAMDI UGOCHUKWU U2012/5015036
37 OKOLI IFUNANYA JULIANA U2012/5015015
38 OKONKWO MARTIN KOSISOCHUKWU U2012/5015046
39 OKWA EFE QUINCY U2012/5015018
40 ONAGA OYINYECHI JOSEPHINE U2012/5015047
41 OSILEM MESSAGE CHINWEOTA U2012/5015038
42 SERIOUS STEPHEN BILL U2012/5015051
43 UDE ESTHER NKECHIYERE U2012/5015006
44 UDEJI SYLVIA U2012/5015011
45 UWADIAE RUTH OSARUGUE U2012/5015048
46 WOPUA SUDUM AGNES U2012/5015039
47 ZIGAKOLBARI NENNIBARINI U2012/5015040
48 EMMANUEL REJOICE U2012/5015025
DeleteNAME: ORLUNWO PRAYER CHIMBUROMA
DeleteFACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
MAT NO: U2012/5010005
Farm forest: This is the growing and use of trees for commercial purposes. Forest grown on farms in combination of with crops or used for grazing is referred to as ‘agroforestry’.
Mono cropping: it is the practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years.it is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvest from minimal labor.
The advantages farm forest (agroforestry) has over mono cropping is as follow;
As an important form of land sustainability
Contributing to effective land use and sustainability of the land it is a form of agriculture which produces goods and services while continuing to protect the natural resource base (soil), while mono cropping which widely encourages excessive soil erosion is inefficient and obviously not sustainable.
It blends production with protection
It concerns resiliency, diversity, and avoid negative side effects and focus on holistic approach to land management. Fuel wood, pools, timber and fodder are farm forest products often solely needed by rural people. Trees also moderate the micro climate, protect the soil, provide shade to livestock and enhance crop production by reducing the effect of wind on crops.
It can improve land resiliency (helping the soil to return to its original shape after been deformed by mono cropping). Because farm forest system have more than one production component and are structurally and functionally complex, they tend to be more resilient than most mono cropping system.
It can reduce adverse environmental impacts by creating mutually beneficial land uses both on site and off site by increase soil conservation, preventing evapotranspiration of crops, surface runoff and increased infiltration.
Agroforestry is more diverse than mono cropping.
A diversity of species often reduces the susceptibility of any one component to pests. Unlike mono cropping which leads too quicker spread of pest and diseases where a uniform crop is more susceptible to a particular pathogen.
By combining woody perennials with forge and food crops, marginal areas that are too fragile for sustainable, intensive mono cropping systems can produce food, forage, and wood crops.
Tree products provide income for farmers when drought or hailstorms has destroyed annual crops, this extends the farms survival until better conditions return.
Some tree species fix atmospheric nitrogen and add it to the soil thereby improving mono cropping.
Tress absorb nutrients and pesticides that otherwise would enter streams, lakes, or groundwater systems, adding environmental and economic benefits.
Because tree are perennials, farmers have the flexibility in deciding when to harvest them, thus trees can generate income or provide savings for later.
Farm forest practices can help farms cope with uncertainties of drought, frost, pest and other phenomenon that can lead to serious mono crop failure, farm forest (agroforestry) can enhance farmer’s financial security while providing environmental security to the society.
NAME: OKONKWO CHIDIOGO .F.
DeleteMAT NO: U2012/5005029
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
Farm forestry is the management of commercial trees growing into farming systems. It can take many forms e.g plantations on farms, timber belts, wide spaced tree plantings and wild forests.
Mono-cropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop yearly on the same farmland in the absence of rotation of crops. A farmer grows only one particular crop making the environment hard and less profitable for farmers.
Farm forestry has some advantages over mono-cropping in the following ways;
Food production:- It provides timbers, which can be converted into fuel wood for cooking. Some fruits and other arboreal foods can also be gotten from farm forestry. In the aspect of mono-cropping, spread of pest and disease is very easy because since a crop is planted yearly, it is susceptible to a pathogen which can easily lead to total damage of other crops.
Provision of shelter:- Trees in the farm forest can serve as shades and shelter for stock, wind breaks, prevention soil erosion, improve water quality and create habitats for wild animals. But in mono-cropping most of the animals will be killed and their habitats destroyed.
Job opportunity:- A growing farm forestry industry creates many new jobs in rural areas, from raising and tending the trees through to harvesting, transporting, and processing it products.
The community derives many benefits from farm forestry other than mono-cropping, the environmental benefit is that, it helps to protect our resource based of soils and water. This helps in maintaining agriculture as a leading export industry. Farm forestry provides protection for livestock, crops and pastures and also improves soil quality, recycling the soil nutrients through the shedding of leaves of forest trees and seeds, but this is not so in mono-cropping because the application of pesticide and inorganic fertilizers for crop yield and intensive farming of single crops species diminishes the soil nutrient adversely.
In conclusion, farm forestry has more advantages than mono-cropping.
NAME: OGBO BLESSING JAMES
DeleteMAT NO: U2012/5020006
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
WHAT IS FORM FORESTRY?
Form forestry is the growing and use of trees on forms for commercial purposes.
WHAT IS MONOCROPPING
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the some land.
Forest farming is a type of agro forestry practice characterized by the four “LS INTENTIONAL, INTEGRATED, INTENSIVE and INTERACTIVE”.
There are so many products gotten from far-forestry like;
1. Medicinal plant:- Forestry plant really helped for medicine e.g. pawpaw leaf can be used to cure malaria.
2. Land use-: Farm forestry really helped in the principles of taking a form structure.
3. Availability of food:- Farm forestry produce different variety of food for man to eat. But in monocropping you can get all the food cause it may not be that crop season.
4. Job Opportunity:- Forest farming have really helped in providing Job in the rural areas.
5. Provision of Shelter:- Farm forestry has helped in the provision of shade, habital for wild animals but monocropping does not have tress for shade that can provide protection against sunlight.
In conclusion, farm forestry is more advantageous than mono-cropping.
UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT
DeleteFACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
ASSIGNMENT
PRESENTED BY
BRIGGS O OSEPIRIBO U2012/5010040
Monocropping is an agricultural practice in which the same crop is planted year after year, without practicing crop rotation or resting the soil. While there are some distinct advantages to this technique, it is environmentally questionable and can potentially lead to serious economic problems for farmers, as well. Many environmental advocates would like to see a shift away from this type of farming, as would people who work in the developing world.
Forest farming is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production levels. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated systems from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modifying forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants
Forest farming is a type of agroforestry practice characterized by the "four I's": intentional, integrated, intensive and interactive. Agroforestry is a land management system that combines trees with crops or livestock, or both, on the same piece of land. It focuses on increasing benefits to the landowner as well as maintaining forest integrity and environmental health. The practice involves cultivating non-timber forest products or niche crops, some of which, such as ginseng or shiitake mushrooms, can have high market value.
Agroforestry Advantages
Proponents of agroforestry say research during the past 20 years backs up the claim that the system can be better for the farmer and for the environment. The Agroforestry Research Trust in the United Kingdom argues that this approach is "more biologically productive, more profitable and more sustainable than forestry or agricultural monocultures." ART also points out that temperate agroforestry systems are functioning successfully around the globe.
Other Benefits
In a world where forests are shrinking, agroforest farms benefit from having their own supplies of wood for all its uses. Also, the diverse nature of their operations offers increased security: should one crop fail, there is a fallback position from the others. Furthermore, the use of mixed crops and trees increases soil fertility. The trees help to prevent soil erosion while providing protection for farm animals against extremes of cold, heat and wind.
Name:Igbokwe Gift Azogu
ReplyDeleteDepartment:Animal science and Fisheries
Matric number:U2012/5010035
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy -it provides shade levels and habitat that favour growth and enhance production levels
-it enhances the marketability and sustain production of existing plants
-the dead and fallen off dead leaves of the forest trees are decomposed and add nutrients to the soil thereby making nutrients available to the plants
-it maintains forest integrity and environmental health
-increases benefits to the land owner
-crops like ginseng or shiitake mushrooms can be cultivated which have high market value
-non-timber forest products(NTFPs) can also be gotten from forest farming which can be edible,medicinal,decorative or floral,dietary supplements or specialty wood-based products
While
Monocropping is the practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years.
-it leads to quicker spread of pests and diseases,where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen.
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ReplyDeleteFarm forestry is land use management system in which trees and shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland. It combines agricultural and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use system.
ReplyDeleteMono-cropping is an agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same piece of land, in the absence of rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land (poly-culture). Corns, soybeans and wheats are the three common crops often grown using mono-cropping techniques.
Mono-cropping as an agricultural strategy tends to emphasis the use of expensive specialized farm equipment which is an important component in realising an efficiency goal.
Farm forestry can be advantageous over mono-cropping. They are able to offer increase productivity, economic benefits and more diversity in the ecological goals and services. Depending upon the application, the advantages of farm forestry over mono-cropping includes:
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: Farm forestry helps with water shed managements. The shed provided by the trees requires the plant being grown beneath them to be watered less. These trees also help to clean fine particulate from the water thereby keeping the soil moist. Because root system are helping to keep the soil in place and maintain soil water levels, farming can be done in areas that will be at risks of erosion otherwise strings are then not as susceptible to being overrun with sediments or by flash flooding.
EROSION PREVENTION: The incorporation of trees into the farming system provides the benefits of having roots in the soil year round. In mono- cropping systems when the primary crop is harvested the root died and the field lays fallow for the winter period. In farm forestry, the root of the trees that surround the primary crops hold soil in place during and after harvest. This allows for ground, moisture level to remain regular, reducing soil degradation and erosion.
NATURAL FENCES: Natural fences usually consisting of trees or shrubs are possible alternatives to metal or stone fences. These natural areas can acts as small scale winds barriers for each field and also provides a habitant for pollinating insects such as bees and birds. These natural fences in unison with a crop and livestock system could be idea for creating a sustainable agricultural system. These natural fences can be especially important to indigenous bird population. Mono-cropping farming does not provide a hospitable habitat to bird’s species that nest in trees. When large areas of forestry are converted directly to large plot farms, birds’ population are displaced. The incorporation of trees into the agricultural system such as farm forestry gives these bids a suitable habitat.
RESTORATION OF WATER QUALITY: However, one farm forestry system cannot be sufficient unless it is large enough to benefit from its own water purification. Most of the benefits of water quality are passed along downstream. It is important to strategically used farm forestry system in agricultural areas that border water sources to maintain good water quality overall.
CARBON SEQUENTRATION: Farm forestry has a superior amount of carbon sequentration when compared to mono-cropping systems both above and below ground. The higher level of biogas above and below ground that trees and shrubs bring to farming systems helps to capture and store more carbons.
Monocropping is the act of cultivating only one crop in the same place year after year. When a farmer grows only one type of crop, he can specialise in that crop and purchase only the tools and machinery needed to deal with that crop. However, monocropping has been recognized to be very hard on the environment and actually less profitable than farm forestry. Planting the same crop in the same place each year zaps nutrients from the earth and leaves soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. Due to poor soil structure and quality, farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizers to encourage plant growth and fruit production. These fertilizers, in turn disrupt the natural make-up of the soil and contribute further to nutrient depletion. Monocropping also creates the spread of pests and diseases, which must be treated with yet more chemicals. The effects of monocropping on the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizers make their way into the ground water or become airborne, causing pollution. Monocropping is dangerous when natural disasters or shifting weather devastate a crop. A farmer with diverse crops could afford to take a small loss, if one crop failed to yield, but in a region where only one crop is grown, the results can be catastrophic. Farmers may find themselves heavily in debt at the end of the season and could translate into famine or general hardship. Monocropping problems can be avoided if forestry farming methods are employed.
ReplyDeleteFarm forestry is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat for favourable growth and enhance production levels. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated systems from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modifying forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants. Forest farms have the potential to restore ecological balance to fragmented second growth forests through intentional manipulation to create the desired forest ecosystem. Forests farms can increase the economic value of forest property and provide long and short-term benefits to the landowner. With the mixture of trees, wildflowers, open spaces and streams, farm forests provide a haven of peace and tranquility for both owners and visitors. When diverse plant species are planted, crops are better able to withstand attack from both insects and pests, thus eliminating the need for pesticides. Forest farmers focus on developing healthy, rich soil that provides all the nutrients that plants need to thrive and produce an abundant harvest. Trees can reduce waterlogging and erosion caused by water and wind.
NAME: NWACHUKWJU JENNIFER CHIAMAKA
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5005027
DEPT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT ON FARM FORESTRY: IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS, DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING.
Forestry is the science, art, and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving and repairing forests and associated resources to meet desired goals, needs and values for human benefit. It is practiced in plantations natural stands. The main goal of forestry is to create forests to provide environmental supplies and services.
Forest ecosystem has come to be seen as the most important component of the biosphere. Foresters develop and implement forest management plans relying on mapped resource inventories showing an area’s topographical features as well as its distribution of trees (by specie) and other plant cover.
Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant specie over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. While monocropping which is planting the same crop each year, zaps nutrient from the earth and leaves the soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. It reduces soil structure and quality as farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizers to encourage plant growth and fruit production but in forestry, there is no need of fertilizer as the soil structure is improved by the activities of forest species.
Monocropping can lead to the quicker spread of pests and diseases, where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen. A huge problem with growing any crop in a monoculture is that once the land has been used to agriculture for single specie, soil fertility diminishes greatly. Since all plants in a monoculture are genetically similar, if a disease strikes to which they have no resistance, it can destroy entire populations of crops.
Good management plans include consideration of future conditions of the stand after any recommended harvest treatments including future treatments and plans for natural or artificial regeneration after final harvests. Plans instruct the sustainable harvesting and replacement of trees. Foresters consider tree felling and environmental legislation when developing plans and that is not the case in monocropping.
The climax vegetation of the humid tropics in high forest, produces the greatest sustainable rate of biomass formation. It captures all solar radiation year-round by virtue of the different layers of foliage. The layers of leaves, twigs and branches absorb the incoming energy of tropical rainstorms, thus protecting the soil. Organic matter on the forest floor is protected from direct sun. Runoff is reduced so that more water is available for plant growth and extensive root systems explore the whole soil profile for nutrients.
Fertilizers used in monocropping, disrupt the natural make up of the soil and contribute further to depletion of nutrients. It also creates the spread of pests and diseases which must be treated with yet more chemicals. The effects of monocropping on the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizers make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution to the environment.
Finally, with forestry, nature is really in balance and the disruption to the balance due to monocropping often reduces the innate ability of a thriving ecosystem to regenerate the soil and pollinate plants.
NAME: EMMANUEL REJOICE
ReplyDeleteDEPT : AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS AND EXT.
MAT NO: U2012/5015025
Farm forestry over mono cropping:
1. Improves soil quality with windbreaks, conservation tillage, reforestation of seriously eroding farmland and recycling the soil nutrients through the shedding of leaves and seeds unlike in monocropping systems where the reliance on pesticide and inorganic fertilizers for good crop yield and intensive farming of single crop species depletes the soil nutrients 18 times faster than it can be replaced.
2. It provides habitats for life to flourish on land particularly in the case of tropical rainforests where up to 90% of the planets live. Tropical forests possess the highest level of biodiversity and therefore provide the biggest genes reservoir. This is not obtained in monocropping where eliminating forest for planting kills most of the animals as their habitat is destroyed and also by planting fewer crop varieties, biodiversity over time is reduced.
3. Forest improves air quality by lowering the temperature, filtering dust, abating pollution, absorbing carbon monoxide, sulphur and nitrogen oxides, airborne ammonia, heavy metals and then releasing oxygen.
4. Helps in counteracting greenhouse effect and global climate change by taking carbon out of the atmosphere and storing it in the form of wood. It filters out harmful UV rays. This is not so in monocropping because in monocropping systems the burning of forests often used to flatten the ground emits an important amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
5. It improves water quality by slowing the rate at which rainfall runoff flows to rivers and streams and trapping down some of the pollutants that are harmful to water quality.
6. Forests provide a huge amount of different medicine material. Human health is directly linked with the conservation of forests and all its respects.
7. It stabilizes the climate in general and accentuates the seasons.
I could go on and on but I would like to conclude by saying that the fewer varieties of crops encourage by monocropping can have a huge impact on the number and types of insect and vertebrate species over time. The UNIFAO has confirmed that over the last 100 years, 75% of the world’s crop varieties have disappeared. There is a huge constraint on biodiversity in the world. These are issues which can be brought to a halt by farm forestry, reforestation and conserving our forests.
OBILA DICKSON CHUKWUMA.(U2012/5015045).DEPT:AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXT.
ReplyDeletefarm forestry can be seen as an art of growing trees, crops, fibre and other forest products for the utilisation of man. whereas monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing or producing a single crop specie over a wide area of land for a large number of consecutive years.from the above definition it can be seen that farm forestry has many advantages over monocropping in the following ways.(1)monocropping are more vulnerable to diseases and pest problem and easily distribution, when a crop is susceptible to a pathogen in monocropping.since all crops are generally similar,when this disease strike to which they have no resistance, it can easily lead to entire destruction of the population of crops. whereas in farm forestry the reverse is the case. where different specie of trees is grown and it soil surface covered with variety of crops, which has natural variation and a likelihood that one or MORE of the crops will be resistance to any particular pathogen.
-Nutrition recycling;farm forestry,helps in recycling and replenishing lost nutrients from soil. As diverse specie of trees and crops are found within the forest area.But where a particular crop is grown in a particular area over some time (monocropping)this can easily lead to nutrient deficiency. which in turn causes the farmer to apply more chemical fertilisers. this practice ultimately pollute the soil, water , air and what the are producing.
-forest serves as a shade for wildlife.this is an outstanding benefit over monocropping as the plants and animals interact and benefit from each other, where the faeces serves as manure.
-A good advantage of farm forestry over monocropping is it erosion control/prevention.As it trees can be place on erosion pathway,which help in control of erosion.
-Farm forestry serve as a source for the provision of timber.It wood can be use in the construction of building, use in cooking etc . wood is not the only products that can be obtain from tree.
-The leaves can provide chemicals with useful medicinal properties, while the flowers and fruits produce seed which can be used for land rehabilitation and revegetation or even food in some cases.
-Farm forest support biodiversity, in the sense that forest communities full of organisms that depend on each other for survival. which is term community ecosystem.it should be noted that all parts of forest ecosystem and the interaction between them are needed for health and well being of all. In which monocropping do not support as it depends wholly on one particular crop.
ADVANTAGE OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteFARM FORESTRY: IS the agricultural act of growing and producing multiple crops plants that benefits farmers, the environment and the wider community etc.
MONOCROPPYING: Is the agricultural act of growing a single crop year after year on the same land without rotation of other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land. (Polyculture) e.g. Corn, Soybeans and Wheat are three common crops often grown using Monocropping techniques.
a. Provides forestry companies: it offer farmers high rents to grow blue gums in share farming arrangements on farm land, tree establishment, management, harvesting and marketing are financed and organized by the companies reducing the farmer’s risk.
b. Tree farming can boost farm income: private growers aiming to produce saw logs after 20 to 30 years can start earning income from thinning (for posts and industrial wood) after eight to twelve years.
c. Earning from farm forestry add diversity to farm incomes: it can provide a buffer against cyclical down turns in prices of other farm products such as wool and meat, harvesting can be deferred or brought forward to provide income when it is most needed.
d. Protection of farm land scap: up to 20 percent of the farming landscape can be planted trees without loss of agricultural production (or traditional agricultural jobs). Trees can increase overall farm productivity.
e. Value addition: integrated farm forestry can make an aesthetically pleasing landscape, add to a farm’s market values, and make it a more interesting and enjoyable place to live and work.
f. It gives environmental benefits: by intercepting rainfall and removing water from the soil, tress can prevent saline ground water rising to the surface. Trees can reduce water logging and erosion caused by water and wind.
g. Provision of shelter for wildlife: it provides shelter on pastures, crops and livestock, as well as providing an expanded habitat for wildlife, tree plantings can be designed as buffer zones between agriculture and valuable natural asset such as water courses and wetlands.
h. Means of grazing for livestock: intensive livestock industries with nutrient-rich effluent can use the effluent profitably to grow trees and prevent the pollution of water resources.
i. Creation of jobs (wildlife reserve): growing farm forestry industry creates many new jobs in rural areas, from raising and tending the tress through to harvesting, transporting and processing its productions.
j. Soil Protection: Environmental benefits help in protecting resources base of soil and water. This helps to maintain agriculture as a leading export industry. While monocropping is controversial, it can damage the soil ecology. E.g soil depletion.
NAME: IYOMO ESEGBUYOTA
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5010018
DEPT: ANIMAL SCIENCE
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT ON FARM FORESTRY: IN
NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS, DISCUSS
THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS
OVER MONOCROPPING.
Forestry is the science, art, and craft of
creating, managing, using, conserving
and repairing forests and associated
resources to meet desired goals, needs
and values for human benefit. It is
practiced in plantations natural stands.
The main goal of forestry is to create
forests to provide environmental supplies
and services.
Forest ecosystem has come to be seen
as the most important component of the
biosphere. Foresters develop and
implement forest management plans
relying on mapped resource inventories
showing an area’s topographical features
as well as its distribution of trees (by
specie) and other plant cover.
Monoculture is the agricultural practice
of producing or growing a single crop or
plant specie over a wide area and for a
large number of consecutive years. While
monocropping which is planting the
same crop each year, zaps nutrient from
the earth and leaves the soil weak and
unable to support healthy plant growth. It
reduces soil structure and quality as
farmers are forced to use chemical
fertilizers to encourage plant growth and
fruit production but in forestry, there is
no need of fertilizer as the soil structure
is improved by the activities of forest
species.
Monocropping can lead to the quicker
spread of pests and diseases, where a
uniform crop is susceptible to a
pathogen. A huge problem with growing
any crop in a monoculture is that once
the land has been used to agriculture for
single specie, soil fertility diminishes
greatly. Since all plants in a monoculture
are genetically similar, if a disease
strikes to which they have no resistance,
it can destroy entire populations of
crops.
Good management plans include
consideration of future conditions of the
stand after any recommended harvest
treatments including future treatments
and plans for natural or artificial
regeneration after final harvests. Plans
instruct the sustainable harvesting and
replacement of trees. Foresters consider
tree felling and environmental legislation
when developing plans and that is not
the case in monocropping.
The climax vegetation of the humid
tropics in high forest, produces the
greatest sustainable rate of biomass
formation. It captures all solar radiation
year-round by virtue of the different
layers of foliage. The layers of leaves,
twigs and branches absorb the incoming
energy of tropical rainstorms, thus
protecting the soil. Organic matter on the
forest floor is protected from direct sun.
Runoff is reduced so that more water is
available for plant growth and extensive
root systems explore the whole soil
profile for nutrients.
Fertilizers used in monocropping, disrupt
the natural make up of the soil and
contribute further to depletion of
nutrients. It also creates the spread of
pests and diseases which must be
treated with yet more chemicals. The
effects of monocropping on the
environment are severe when pesticides
and fertilizers make their way into
ground water or become airborne,
creating pollution to the environment.
Finally, with forestry, nature is really in
balance and the disruption to the balance
due to monocropping often reduces the
innate ability of a thriving ecosystem to
regenerate the soil and pollinate plants.
Assignment on farm forestry(AGR201.1, General Agriculture): discussing
ReplyDeleteof farm forestry over monocropping.
Farm forestry can simply be defined as the science, art,. managing, conserving of forest resources to meet the goals and needs not excluding the values a
.nd benefit of man in the fa
rm. meanwhile monocropping is the act of cultivating a particular crop in the same piece of land year after year.
From the above definition, it can not be more clearer that farm forestry has many advantages over monocropping. Some of the advantages are
(1) Job Creation: with high level of joblessness especially in West Africa, farm forestry is a very reliable and able source of creating jobs more especially in the rural areas. Raising of trees, transporting and processing its massive productions which deals with a particular crop.
(2) Disease and Pest problem: farm forestry does not necessary suffer disease or pest problem due to the fact that different specie of trees and crops are grown which show strong resistance to a particular pest. meanwhile monocropping heavily has a lot of disease
and pest vulnerability due to the similarity of the crops.
(3) Prevention of Erosion: Erosion is one major problem in production
of farm produce, but with farm forestry, trees can be placed on path ways which highly control erosion.
(4) financial Benefits: farm forestry is a strong source of financial stability to farmers considering the large and so many trees and crops available to its disposal.
ABANUM ANWULI JOY.
ReplyDeleteU2012/5005010.
CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
Farm forestry is the c.ltivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy tha is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels amd habitat for all plant lives that favour growth and enhance production levels.
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land in the absense of crop rotation.
After an online research work,i would say that monocropping is a complete disaster.This is because it comes with alot of disadvantages.firstly,monocropping can damage soil ecology,deplete soil nutrients and provide unbuffered niche for parasitic species.This because there is no crop rotation to help keep the fertility and soil structure in check.But looking at farm forestry you would see that it deals with crop rotation because it involves a variety of crops and plants.
In farm forestry,there are many benefits which can come from the forest trees unlike monocropping where only one type of crop is harvested.Products from farm forestry typically fit into these categories:edible,medicinal and dietary supplements,floral or decorative or specialty wood based products;;thereby increasing economic value to the farmer.
Monocropping increases crop vulnerability to opportunistic insects plant and micro organisms.This could greatly affect the yield of the crop.Only one type of pest could damage the entire crops.This is because we have only one specie of crop which makes it more susceptible to a particular type of pest.but in farm forestry total loss cannot be experienced.this is because there are a wide variety of crops that even if one fails the others will still have a good yield.In monocropping when the attack of pests becomes too much the farmer maybe tempted to apply too much pesticides and this could burn the soil.
Farm forestry helps to prevent soil erosion and water logging caused by water and wind.The canopies formed by the leaves helps to reduce the intensity at which the rain water hits the ground.But in the case of monocropping it lacks such trees and the soil is exposed to the rain.
Farm forestry provides a habitat for various plants particularly in the case of tropical rain forest where we have many different plant species.It helps to preserve these plants and stop them from going extinct.This is not so in monocropping as only one kind of crop exists.
Farm forestry helps to balance the gases in the atmosphere.The trees absorb the carbon dioxide we breathe out and puts it to good use.It gives out the oxygen needed for human/animal respiration.
Forest farming is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production levels. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated systems from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modifying forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants.
ReplyDeleteAdvantages of farm forestry
Farm forestry produces multiple benefits for farmers, the environment and the wider community
This well integrated farm forestry system provides additional income from trees, which in turn, confer benefits to the farm and the wider community
Sustainable forest management is an emerging concept for managing renewable forest resources. It’s a complex term that means different things to different people. When the United States was originally settled 400 years ago, our forests seemed inexhaustible. Little thought was given that we might eventually run out of wood, game or other resources that forests provide. Trees were cut and cleared by the millions to provide land for farming as well as provide wood to build homes and heat them. As environmental consciousness grew during the 20th century, the concept of sustainability in forestry expanded to include the concept of sustaining and growing not just the valuable trees that are eventually harvested for forest products, but all the elements of our forests: clean water, productive soils, wildlife, fish, rare species, and non-commercial plants.
NAME: NKONYEDI CHARITY IJEOMA
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5005024
DEPARTMENT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONO-CROPPING
Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Farm forestry provides multiple benefits for farmers, the environment and the wider community more than mono-cropping.
BENEFIT OF FARM FORESTRY FOR FARMERS
Farm forestry can boost farm income. Earnings from farm forestry add diversity to farm income and can provide buffer against cyclical downturns on prices of other farm products such as wool, and meat. Harvesting can be differed or brought forward to provide income when it is most needed. Trees can also increase overall farm productivity through the beneficial effects of shelter on pastures, crops and livestock. Integrated farm forestry can make an aesthetically pleasing landscape, add to a farm’s market value and make it a more interesting and enjoyable place to live and work.
BENEFIT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
Trees can reduce water logging and erosion caused by water and wind. A wind break can reduce wind speed across a paddock for a distance of 10-20 times its tree height. Intensive livestock industries with nutrient rich effluents can use the effluents profitably to grow trees and prevent the pollution of water sources.
BENEFIT FOR THE COMMUNITY
A growing farm forestry industry creates many new jobs in rural area, from raising and tending the trees through to harvesting, transporting and processing its products.
In summary, farm forestry provides the following benefits over mono-cropping:
Necessary for the prevention of wind erosion on sandy patches
Useful for stopping development of salt patches (with salt tolerant species)
Attractiveness of additional income from timber
A more comfortable and enjoyable working environment
Tree planting add value to the property in the farm
In fact, with farm forestry, an individual can use his less productive land and turn it into dollars and cents.
On the other hand, mono-cropping (an agricultural practice in which the same crop is planted year after year over a wide area without practicing crop rotation or resting the soil) lacks the above mentioned benefits. It generally reduces crop diversity which is perceived as a bad thing both because the loss of diversity is unfortunate and because if a crop does become subjected to a particular pest, it becomes especially vulnerable. In a world where only a few strains of corn are grown for example, if a pest develops to attack one, it could devastate global crops and farms might not have another strain to fall back upon.
Additionally, the practice is very dangerous when natural disasters and shifting weather devastate crops. A farmer with diverse crop could afford to take a small loss if one crop fails to yield but in a region where only one crop is grown, the result can be catastrophic. Farmers may find themselves heavily in debt at the end of the season and the lack of harvest could translate into famine or general hardship. Moreover it greatly depletes soil nutrients.
NAME: Akazua, Ronald Ikechukwu
ReplyDeleteMAT.NO.:U2012/5015030
DEPT: Agricultural Economics and Extension
Farm forestry refers to the practice of planting trees (high value specialty crops) on the farm to produce food, timber etc. to protect the environment and improve on the living conditions around the farm whereas monocropping is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species e.g. corn over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. The importance of trees grown on the farm cannot be over emphasized and as such farm forestry has various advantages over monocropping.
1. LAND USE: Farm forestry as a sustainable land use practice, employs the principles of taking a farm structure and intentionally reshaping it in order to create the most beneficial component of economic and ecological growth.
2. FOREST FARMING: Forest farming which is the science of cultivating high value special crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor certain crop production, is provided by farm forestry. Planting trees in the farm provides shade for certain plants and of course for farm animals.
3. DIVERSIFICATION OF INCOME AND PRODUCT: Unlike monocrops, trees are multipurpose in nature. They produce more resources or products than a single crop. For instance, whereas just the corn cobs may be gotten as the only product from a maize plant, variety of products like vegetable, timber, fruits, nuts, medicine, spices, pulp and paper can be derived from a single tree. These diverse products gotten from trees, provides more income for the farm.
4. SOIL IMPROVEMENT: Planting the same crop in the same place each year zaps nutrients from the earth and leaves soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. In course of farming and cultivation, man broke the natural process of nutrient cycle therefore the need to balance the nutrients arose. Farm standing trees account for 70-90% of the nutrient budget of the soil. This is done by nitrogen fixation, nutrient pumping/recycling, and improvement of soil structure and soil aeration.
5. OUTBREAK OF PESTS AND DISEASES: Monocropping leads to the quicker spread of pest and diseases where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen. The case is different for Farm forestry as diseases and pest are not spread easily.
NAME: Idehen Constance Aiseosa
ReplyDeleteDEPT: Crop and Soil Science
MAT. NO.: U2012/5005009
Farm forestry is a type of agroforestry that deals with growing and use of trees on farm for commercial purpose. It can also be defined as the deliberate growing of woody perennials in the same farm of spatial mixture or sequence.
Unlike farm forestry, monocropping is the practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant over a whole area and for a large number of consecutive years. Monocropping leads to quicker spread of pest and diseases and also damage the soil ecology (including depletion or reduction in diversity of the soil nutrients). Monocropping can provide an unsuffered niche for parasite species, increasing crop vulnerability for opportunists. The planting of same crop in the same place each year zaps nutrients from the earth and leaves the soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth.
The advantages of farm forestry over monocropping are more than that of monocropping.
1. Increase in agricultural productivity due to incorporation of produce trees
2. Incorporation of commercial tree crops into farming system to complement agriculture with new products as well as provides a capacity to enhance agricultural productivity.
3. Forest farming combines ecological stability of natural forest and agricultural system, it is considered to have great potential for generating soil restoring ground water supplies, controlling flood, ersion and drought and cultivating marginal land
4. It is a way to add financial value while that land is currently forested
5. Forest resources are judiciously used while biodiversity and wildlife habitat are conserved
6. Forest farm have the potential to restore ecological balance for fragmented second growth forest through intentional manipulation to create the desired forest ecosystem
7. Forest farming can increase economic value of property and provide short and long-term benefits to the land owner
NAME:EZEUDU CHRISTIAN EKENE
ReplyDeleteMAT NO:U2012/5010014
DEPARTMENT:ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
COURSE CODE:AGR201.1
Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes,these can be many types of economic trees which a farmer or a firm practices,here the farmer or the firm is diversified WHILE Monocropping is an agricultural practice in which the same crop is planted year after year, without practicing crop rotation or resting the soil,here this no diversification the farmer or firm deals on only one type of cropping.
ADVANTAGES
ECONOMIC BENEFITS:farm forestry helps in the economy growth of a country,state,community or firm as the case may be.here there are so many economic plants with different seasons,therefore seasonal production will not be a bearier because there are so many trees that produces diffferent economic products and in different seasons BUT in mono-cropping since its only one type of cropping it produces only on the crop's season thereby contributes no or less to the economy.
FOOD AVAILABILITY:farm forestry produces different kinds of food for man consumption because of its diverse,different kinds foods of different seasons are produce and are made available all the time for man use BUT in mono-cropping since its only one type of cropping availability of food is only on the crop's season.
AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIALS:farm forestry and mono-cropping provides raw materials for industrial uses but farm forestry makes different kind of raw materials available at every point in time because there are different types of trees to produce these raw materials at a given time BUT mono-cropping produces less of these raw materials because it deals with only one typoe of cropping.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS:By intercepting rainfall, and removing water from the soil, trees can prevent saline ground water rising to the surface, where its effect on agricultural production and nature conservation is disastrous.E.G(. About 2 million hectares of agricultural land in southern Western Australia is already affected by salinity, and a further 4 million hectares is threatened).BUT in mono-cropping because it deals with crops it can do no or less of thi.,
BIGGER JOB OPPORTUNITY:A growing farm forestry industry creates many new jobs in rural areas, from raising and tending the trees through to harvesting, transporting and processing its products,E.G( Australia is presently a net importer of forest products, this 'home-grown' industry can reduce their reliance on overseas supplies, and improve their balance of trade.
NAME:EZIRE OTHUKE JOSHUA
ReplyDeleteMAT NO:U2012/5010024
DEPT:ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
COURSE:AGR201.1
There are many good reasons. Tree farming is
profitable, and it can make other agricultural
enterprises more productive. Trees on farms also
provide environmental benefits and stimulate new
jobs and industries in rural areas.
Tree farming can boost farm income. Private
growers aiming to produce sawlogs after 20 to 30
years can start earning income from thinnings (for
posts and industrial wood) after eight to 12 years.
blue gums for pulpwood can be ready for harvest
within 10 years of planting.
Forestry companies are offering farmers high rents
to grow blue gums in sharefarming arrangements
on farm land. Tree establishment, management,
harvesting and marketing are financed and
organised by the companies, reducing the farmer's
risk. Payment can be arranged as an indexed
annuity, or a share of the crop at harvest. The extra
income and time give many sharefarmers the
freedom to start new projects, or upgrade the rest of
their farming enterprise.
Earnings from farm forestry add diversity to farm
incomes and can provide a buffer against cyclical
downturns in prices of other farm products such as
wool and meat. Harvesting can be deferred or
brought forward to provide income when it is most
needed. Some growers use investment in longer
rotation tree crops as a kind of superannuation.
By intercepting rainfall, and removing water from
the soil, trees can prevent saline ground water
rising to the surface, where its effect on agricultural
production and nature conservation is disastrous.
About 2 million hectares of agricultural land in
southern Western Australia is already affected by
salinity, and a further 4 million hectares is
threatened.
Trees can reduce waterlogging, and erosion caused
by water and wind. A windbreak can reduce wind
speed across a paddock for a distance of 10 to 20
times its tree height.
NAME: ADAMU FIRDAUS OMOTUEBHE
ReplyDeleteMAT NUMBER: U2012/5010039
DEPARTMENT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR201.1
LECTURER: DR UZOMA DARLINGTON CHIMA
Question: In no more than 500 words, discuss the advantages farm forestry has over monocropping.
Introduction
Farm forestry is the cultivation and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land without practicing crop rotation or resting the soil.
Advantages of Farm Forestry over Monocropping
The major advantage farm forestry have over monocropping is that farm forestry provide tangible (major) and intangible (minor) materials as well as essential benefits because of its biodiversity whereas monocropping deals with only one particular crop from which only one food benefit can be gotten from it, for example for maize plant, only corn can be gotten from it, Pest and diseases spread quickly and nutrients in the soil are lost as there is no crop rotation as compared with farm forestry where there is nitrogen fixation, nutrient pumping etc.
Farm forestry offer both environmental and economic gains and these include:
Environmental Gain: improved water quality and reduced soil erosion, along with landscape, biodiversity and recreational values. Healthy forests in critical catchments reduce flood damage downstream and therefore reduce the cost to society from such events. By encouraging the use of timber and timber products, these wider environmental values are recognised. Trees also have impacts on climate change.
Timber Production: timber is seen as the main end product of farm forestry. The wood is converted into forms that are useful in the human economy some products of wood are poles, sawn-timber, wood-based panels, pulp and paper. Timber species include Milicia excelsa, terminalia superba
Fuel Wood Production: species such as willow and popular are high yielding and adaptable specie suitable for the production of large volumes of fuel wood over short rotations. some species of trees burn faster and longer than others and they are said to have high calorific value, example, Butrospermum paradoxum (Shea butter tree).pieces of wood species and others are used for cooking, space-warming, local brewing and baking.
Crop from Forest
Medicinal herbs: ginseng, black cohosh, goldenseal, bloodroot, pacific yew, May apple, and saw palmetto are used as medicinal plants.
Native ornaments: rhododendron, high bush cranberry and flowering dogwood.
Fruits: pawpaw, currants, elderberry, serviceberry, blackberry, huckleberry.
Food crops: ramps, syrups, honey, mushrooms and other edible roots.
Nuts: black walnut, hazelnut, hickory, beechnut.
Habitat for Wild Animals: farm forest serves as home for wild animals such as lions, tigers, hyenas etc. The products obtained from these animals e.g. hides and skin form part of non-timber forest product.
Forest Recreation: with the mixture of trees, wild flowers, wildlife, open spaces and streams, farm forest provide a haven of peace and tranquillity for both owners and visitors.
In conclusion
Farm forestry provide all the above multiple benefits to both farmers and local and national timber industry making them an attractive long tern proposition whereas, monocropping can only provide a single or particular benefit
NAME: OSAKWE ESTHER EBERECHUKWU
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5020040
DEPARTMENT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT.
Farm Forestry is an agricultural practice of cultivating different high value crops,trees,fibre etc for the needs and benefit of man. Crops like Medicinal herbs (eg,ginseng, bloodroot, mayapple) ,Nuts(eg,black walnut, beechnut), Fruits(eg paw
paw,black berry),Food crops(eg ramps,honey,syrup)etc. These crops are grown
under the protection of Forest Canopy.
Mono-cropping is a practice of planting a single crop year after year on same land. Eg of such crops are soybeans,wheat,corn etc. Mono- cropping is said to be kind of economical because
the farmer will only purchase tools and machinery needed for that particular crop he grows. The advantages farm forestry has over mono- cropping is includes:-
1) Economic and Social benefit: farm forestry provides a wide range of employment opportunity,recreational and cultural activities, and Education. But all these cannot be achieved in
mono-cropping.
2) Soil Quality: plant enrich the soil by recycling the nutrient through the shedding of leaves,but in mono-cropping due to consistent cultivation in same place, plant nutrients are lost and soil is
weak and unable to support healthy plant growth because the structure and quality of the soil will be poor.
3) Economy of Water: plants regulates water cycle by absorbing and re distributing rain water quite equally to the every species living within its range.
4) Diversity: Farm forestry are more diverse. In mono-cropping only a particular type of crop is planted but in farm forest there are many types of
crops and trees planted for diverse purposes.
5)Medicinal materials: most amount of drugs we use are extracted from plants,Eg
bloodroot,ginseng,mayapple etc.
5)Erosion Control: roots of trees in farm forest help to discourage soil erosion and depletion. In mono-cropping erosion is a challenge because the way it is practiced.
6)Plants purify the air by absorbing carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This helps to fight against air pollution and global warming.
7)Disease and Pest control: farm forestry does not necessary suffer disease or pest challenges because different specie of trees and crops grown have strong resistance to a particular pest. But in
mono-cropping is vulnerable to disease and pest due to the similarity of the crops.
8)Farm forest provides shelter to wild animals and food for livestock.
9)Natural fence: Trees or shrubs are used as fence for winds barriers in the field and also habitat for pollinating insects such as bees and birds. These natural fences can be especially important to birds
for hospitality. Mono-cropping does not provide a hospitality to bird’s species that nest in trees.
Name: DASIMEOKUMA CHARITY .T.
ReplyDeleteMat No.: U2012/5010042
Department: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
Forest Farming is defined as the cultivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favour growth and enhance production levels.
Mono-cropping on the other hand, is the Agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land in the absence rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land. The importance of farm forestry over mono-cropping includes:
- Riparian Buffers: Trees and shrubs occur naturally along most streams and rivers. These riparian areas are essential for providing ecosystem services, like protecting water quality and allowing for wildlife mobility. However, today's mono-culture and intensive agricultural practices have removed riparian vegetation. In many water sheds, the hydrologic cycle has been significantly altered, stream channel erosion has increased and non-point source pollution of surface waters has become a major problem. With the breakdown of the stream buffers, animals become isolated without the paths to move through agricultural areas. This can be especially detrimental to herding animals such as deer that may be cut off from food sources. The quality of water effect the amount and quality of the fish that can survive in the surrounding watershed area. When the water becomes infused with fine sediment from erosion it has liner oxygen content. This lower oxygen content cannot support highly active fish species such as salmon. Without the usage of Riparian Buffers, entire fish species will no longer be able to sustain their populations in the rivers and streams.
- Environmental Protection: Agro-forestry Systems are not only beneficial to the crops growing within them. They also have an impact on the surrounding environment.
- Wind Breaks: These are one example of a positive aspect of agro-forestry systems. The trees and shrubs that are intermingled with the primary crop are maintained year round, helping to keep a solid soil base intact. Mono-cropping systems typically undergo a period of fallow when the soil can become loose from one harvest and then removed by flooding or high wind.
- Control of Global Warming.
Global warming is a worrying issue and the increase on the level of atmosphere Carbon IV Oxide is a significant contributing factor in global warming. Trees are described as "the lungs of the planet" and plays a vital role in absorbing and retaining Carbon IV oxide and releasing Oxygen. This is known as carbon storage and it contributes significantly to reduce the accumulation of "greenhouse gases".
NAME:MOWAH CHUKWUJINDU EKENE
ReplyDeleteMAT.NO:U2012/5020026
DPT:FORESTRY&WILDLIFE MGT.
COURSE:AGR201.1
Let's first define what monocropping and Farm forestry is;
Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvests from minimal labour.
Farm Forestry is defined as the planting of economical trees to meet man's needs in very diverse ways.In Agriculture both methods and techniques are used but honestly speaking farm forestry is filled with more advantages than monocropping.
Monocultures can lead to the quicker spread of pests and diseases, where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen. 'Crop monoculture' is the practice of growing the same crop year after year;with this kind of method "agrodiversity" is hardly found and its always susceptible to land abuse like over fallowing of the land etc.
Farm forestry can supply timber to the forest industry from private land.For instance, approximately 70% of Australia’s forests (mostly unproductive woodlands) are under private management, including 26% under private freehold title or managed by indigenous communities, with the remaining 44% under leasehold.With these kind of developmental activities farm forestry is really boosting agroeconomic activites.
Farm forests can provide multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long term proposition. Trees can provide shade and shelter for stock, wind-breaks for crops, prevent erosion of soil, help lower the water table to remediate saline soils, can improve water quality, and create habitats for native animals and plants.Trees on farms are also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a property.
Farm Forestry encourages natural regeneration of trees,crops etc..on the other hand monocropping gives no space for regeneration whatsoever in the process damaging the ecological system in a whole.
ADVANTAGE OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteFarm forestry is the incorporation of commercial tree growing and management by farmers into farming systems for the production of both wood and non-wood products, increasing agricultural productivity and encouraging sustainable natural resource management.
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the absence rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the common crops often grown using monocropping techniques.
Farm forestry has the potential to benefit forest industries by proving a much needed land resource for joint venture programs and by contributing to regional wood flows.
POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Economic Benefits:
a. Increase production of both quality saw logs and short rotation pulpwood crops
b. Provides a larger supply base
c. Increased quality of resources
d. Shade loving plant such as mushroom, ginseng and goldenseal can be grown in the forest and provides short farm crop income for the landowner.
Environmental Benefits:
a. Diversity the resource base
b. Integrated forest resources with agriculture, creating sustainable land use.
c. Farm forestry improves agricultural production by providing shelter for stock and crops it also provides environmental benefit such as water table and salinity reduction.
d. Farm forest reduces both the concentration of nitrate and the quality of water draining groundwater to arable and intensively managed pasture.
e. Farm forest can achieve the objectives of enhancing the number and types of species of living creatures within the forest ecosystem and the production of quality commercial timber.
Social Benefits:
a. Its improved profile of forest industries with both rural and urban communities as provides of sustainably produced products.
b. Expansion of small business sector of forest industries in the rural community.
MONOCOPPING: Is controversial, as it can damage soil ecology and provides an increasing crop vulnerability to opportunistic insects, plants and microorganisms. Under certain circumstances monocropping can lead to deforestation.
NAME: CHUKWUNEKE NNEOMA VIRGINIA
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5005028
DEPT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
COURSE CODE : AGR 201.1
COURSETITTLE: GENERAl AGRICULTURE
TOPIC: ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high -value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade level and habitat that favour growth and enhance production level. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated system from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modify forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants. On the other hand, Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the absence of rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land(polyculture).
In farm forestry,shelterbelt of trees can increase pasture productivity by providing a warmer microclimate. These trees can also yield valuable timber or fibre and can increase overall farm income by providing shade for stock, trees on farms reduces stress on animal and improve the environment,thus improving productivity while in monocropping,planting the same crop each year zaps nutrients from the earth and leaves soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. Because soil structure and quality is so poor, farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizer to encourage plant growth and fruit production. These fertilizers in turn disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and contribute further to nutrient depletion. Monocropping also creates the spread of pest and diseases which must be treated with yet more chemicals.The effects of monocropping on the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizer make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution.
Farm forestry is a type of agroforestry practice that is characterized bythe system that combines trees with crops or livestockor both, on the same piece of land. It focuses on increasing benefits to the landowner as well as maintaining forest integrity and environmental health. The practice involves cultivating non-timber forest products or niche crops, some of which,such as ginseng or shiltake mushroom, can have high market value. While in monocropping diverse species are not planted rather it is only one particular species.
Farm forestry does not involve the use of expensive farm equipment in the other hand, monocropping as an agricultural strategy tends to emphasize the use of expensive specialized farm equipment -an important component in realizing its efficiency goals. This can lead to an increased dependency on fossil fuels ando reliance on expensive machinery that cannot be produced locally and may need to be financed.
Farm forestry produces high quality fodder especially useful in drought conditionand in times of feed shortage unlike monocropping. Trees beside water courses provide shade and thus improve water quality and biodiversity. Fencing off stream and planting trees provides a natural filter that reduces siltatation and nutrient runoff into water courses. This means environmental benefits aestheticvalue and also provides satisfaction to the landowner.
Farm forestry trees provide a very attractive setting in any rural landscape. Deciduous trees provide wonderful autumn colours,whileevergreen trees provide a forest setting, shade and tranquility unlike monocropping.
In conclusion forest provide many environmental benefits to society. These include improved water quality and reduce soil erosion,along with landscape, biodiversity and recreation values. Healthy forest in critical catchments reduce flood damage downstream and therefore reducethe cost to society from such event, by encouraging the use of timber and timber products. While all these are not applicable to mono cropping.
DEPARTMENT:Animal science and fisheries
ReplyDeleteCOURSE:AGR 201.1 assignment
Math no :u2012/5010044
Course title :General Agriculture
In not morethan 500words the advantage of farm forestry
has over monocropping
Farm forestry focus on tree function ,locating or arrangement and emphasis the expected benefit of farm farm forestry /agroforestry ,It can be defined incorporation of commercial trees growing into farmings system it can take many forms, plantations on farms woodlots timber belt, alleys, wider spaced tree planting and native forest.
While monocropping is the agricultural practical of growing a single crop year after year on same land, in the absence rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops I the same land ever eg.Corn, soyabeans
Farm farestry have a lot of advantage over monocropping this including
Improving agricultural production by providing substantial environmental benefit such as water table and salinity reduction. It provide wood and fibre such as milliciaexcelsa, Naucleadiddarichi, tree farming can boost farm income, provide growers aiming to produce sawlong after 20 to30years can start earning income from thinng (for post and industrial wood ) after eight to twelve years blue gum for pulp Woods can be ready for harvest within 10years of planting egsterculiastetigera, Gmenlina arboreal
It also give provisions of fuelwoodeg.plant we high calorific value such as Butrospermumparadoxum (Shea butter tree)
By intercepting rainfall and removing water from the soil, trees can prevent saline ground water rising to the surface, where it's effect on agricultural production.
Trees can reduce water logging and erosion cause by water and wind. A wind break can reduce wind speed across a padlock for a distance of 10 to 20 time it's tree height as well as providing an expended habitat for wildlife,
Intensive livestock industries with nutrientrich effluent can the effluent profitable to grow trees and prevent the pollution of water .
A growing farm forestry industry create many new jobs in rural area,from raising and reffing the tree through to harvesting,transporting and processing it product. Farm forest also provides us with wine e.gElaeis Guinness, raphia ,hookeri, Dyes and stains it is obtains from roots backs, leaves, fruits or wood of some forest trees it is used for decoration and dying of clothes egBaphianitida (camwood),lonchocarpuscyanenscensBoca orellana
medicinal plants egg Azadirectaindica food and fruit such as maniferaindica
Monocropping is of more disadvantages to farm forestry, planting the same crop in the same place each year zaps nutrient from the earth and Levesque soil weak and unable to support health plant growth because soil structure and quality is so poor farmer are forced to used chemical fertilizer to encourage plant growth and fruit production this fertilizer in turn disrupt the natural make up of the soil and contribute further to nutrient depletion. Monocropping also great the spread of pests and diseases which must be treated with with yet more chemical the effects of monocropping in the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizer make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution monocropping can't not provide timber or wood for cooking, papermaking,habitat, shade or waterlogging
Farm forest can provide multiple benefits to farm making them propositions, trees on farms an also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a property, unlike mono cropping.
NAME: NWADIKE FRANCES CHIZITEREM
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5020010
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
DEPT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE, MANAGEMENT
COURSE TITLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
DATE: 8/8/2010
QUESTION: IN NOT MORE THAN FIVE HUNDRED WORDS, DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES THE FARM FORESTRY HAVE OVER MONOCROPPING?
Farm forestry have a wide advantage over monocropping, in the sense that different farm produce can be cultivated on a piece of land with rotation through other crops yearly unlike monocropping that only a single crop is grown year after without rotation.
Since the land is rotated, there will be an increase in plant nutritions, less diseases and pests which leads to multiple farm yields while in monocropping diseases and pests are spread quickly which hinder the growth of crops.
Farm forestry provides the economy with different diversity of products like vegetables (Gnetum Africana, vernonia amygdalina), fruits (Mangifera indica, Chrosophyllum albidum), oils which are obtained from Elaeis guineensis and Treculia africana. Also fuel wood, medicinal plants like Azadiractha indica which is use for curing some-throat, exudates for example Hevea brasilliensis, including dyes and stains, spices like Xylopia aethiopica and some wood product. Monocropping will not produce such essential products for mankind.
Farm forestry creat habitats for indigenous animals and plants. These animals provides us with food (bush meats which are good source of protein), hides and skin (they are used in leather industry for manufacturing leather articles like bags, shoes and belts), and ivory used for decoration and foreign exchange.
Monocropping creates unfavourable environment for indigenous organisms by the application of artificial nitrogen fertilizers which burn the soil due to deficiency in natural manure; these damages soul ecology.
Integrated farm forestry can make an aesthetically pleasing landscape, add to a farm’s market value and make it a more interesting and enjoyable place to live and work. By creating new job in rural areas from raising and tending the trees through to harvesting, transporting, and processing its products.
Farm forestry provides some services such as erosion control by changing rain drops to intercepted water and stem flow when it reaches the forest farm floor, gently flow along the soul surface. The forest farm litters formation also helps to prevent erosion. Also helps to maintain the atmosphere equilibrium, trees helps to absorb the carbon dioxide man and animals breathe out and utilize it during photosynthesis while man uses the by-product of photosynthesis which is oxygen. Forestry farming also provides water-shed and wind-breaks for crops, the forest farm cover is essential for consequent siltation of the dam and the plantation of one or more rows of trees to provide shelter from the wind respectively.
Monocropping depletes the soil and one problem and the other whether political, economic and environmental which may not be solved.
Forest farming have a greater benefits to man, animals and some microorganisms than monocropping which is harmful to animals and some microorganisms, short term production of food to man which can cause starvation.
Without the forest, there will be no farmers, and with no farmers, there will be no food, and when there is no food, there are no people. There is no way we can live without forests.
ReplyDeleteForest farming is a type of agroforestry practice characterized by the "four I's": intentional, integrated, intensive and interactive. Agroforestry is a land management system that combines trees with crops or livestock, or both, on the same piece of land. It focuses on increasing benefits to the landowner as well as maintaining forest integrity and environmental health. The practice involves cultivating non-timber forest products or niche crops, some of which, such as ginseng or shiitake mushrooms, can have high market value. Monocropping is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvests from minimal labour.
Monocropping can lead to the quicker spread of pests and diseases, where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen. 'Crop monoculture' is the practice of growing the same crop year after year.
By intercepting rainfall, and removing water from the soil, trees can prevent saline ground water rising to the surface, where its effect on agricultural production and nature conservation is disastrous. About 2 million hectares of agricultural land in southern Western Australia is already affected by salinity, and a further 4 million hectares is threatened.
Trees can reduce waterlogging, and erosion caused by water and wind. A windbreak can reduce wind speed across a paddock for a distance of 10 to 20 times its tree height.
Forestry is the science, art, and craft of
ReplyDeletecreating, managing, using, conserving
and repairing forests and associated
resources to meet desired goals, needs
and values for human benefit. It is
practiced in plantations natural stands.
The main goal of forestry is to create
forests to provide environmental supplies
and services.
Forest ecosystem has come to be seen
as the most important component of the
biosphere. Foresters develop and
implement forest management plans
relying on mapped resource inventories
showing an area’s topographical features
as well as its distribution of trees (by
specie) and other plant cover.
Monoculture is the agricultural practice
of producing or growing a single crop or
plant specie over a wide area and for a
large number of consecutive years. While
monocropping which is planting the
same crop each year, zaps nutrient from
the earth and leaves the soil weak and
unable to support healthy plant growth. It
reduces soil structure and quality as
farmers are forced to use chemical
fertilizers to encourage plant growth and
fruit production but in forestry, there is
no need of fertilizer as the soil structure
is improved by the activities of forest
species.
Monocropping can lead to the quicker
spread of pests and diseases, where a
uniform crop is susceptible to a
pathogen. A huge problem with growing
any crop in a monoculture is that once
the land has been used to agriculture for
single specie, soil fertility diminishes
greatly. Since all plants in a monoculture
are genetically similar, if a disease
strikes to which they have no resistance,
it can destroy entire populations of
crops.
Good management plans include
consideration of future conditions of the
stand after any recommended harvest
treatments including future treatments
and plans for natural or artificial
regeneration after final harvests. Plans
instruct the sustainable harvesting and
replacement of trees. Foresters consider
tree felling and environmental legislation
when developing plans and that is not
the case in monocropping.
The climax vegetation of the humid
tropics in high forest, produces the
greatest sustainable rate of biomass
formation. It captures all solar radiation
year-round by virtue of the different
layers of foliage. The layers of leaves,
twigs and branches absorb the incoming
energy of tropical rainstorms, thus
protecting the soil. Organic matter on the
forest floor is protected from direct sun.
Runoff is reduced so that more water is
available for plant growth and extensive
root systems explore the whole soil
profile for nutrients.
Fertilizers used in monocropping, disrupt
the natural make up of the soil and
contribute further to depletion of
nutrients. It also creates the spread of
pests and diseases which must be
treated with yet more chemicals. The
effects of monocropping on the
environment are severe when pesticides
and fertilizers make their way into
ground water or become airborne,
creating pollution to the environment.
Finally, with forestry, nature is really in
balance and the disruption to the balance
due to monocropping often reduces the
innate ability of a thriving ecosystem to
regenerate the soil and pollinate plants.
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the
ReplyDeletesame land.
While Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees onfarms for commercial purposes. Forests grownon farms in combination with crops or used for
grazing, is referred to as ‘agroforestry’.
Farm forestry is advantagous compel to monocropping becauseit can supply timber to the forest industry from trees. Farm forests can provide multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long term proposition. Trees can provide shade and shelter
for stock, wind-breaks for crops, prevent erosion of soil, help lower the water table to remediate saline soils, can improve water quality, and create habitats for native animals and plants . Trees on farms are also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a
property.
Planting the same crop in the same place each year zaps nutrients from the earth and leaves soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. Because soil structure and quality is so poor, farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizers to encourage plant growth and fruit production.
These fertilizers, in turn, disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and contribute further to nutrient depletion. Monocropping also creates the spread of pests and diseases, which must be treated with yet more chemicals. The effects of monocropping on the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizers make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating monocropping is also controversial, as it can damage the soil ecology (including depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients) and provide an unbuffered niche for parasitic species, increasing crop vulnerability to opportunistic
insects, plants, and microorganisms. The result is a more fragile ecosystem with an
increased dependency on pesticides and artificial fertilizers .Soil depletion is also a negative effect of mono-cropping. In addition, artificial high-nitrogen fertilizers can
"burn" the soil by creating an unfavorable environment for indigenous organisms, a
phenomenon well-known to organic gardeners and farmers (who avoid it),
resulting in further disruption of soil ecology and dependence on further short-term
fertilizer strategies. Lacking a stable ecology, in the absence of substantial irrigation and
chemical "fixes" the soil can become dry and begin to erode. As the soil becomes arid and useless, the need for more land becomes an issue, leading to the destruction of even
more land — a high-tech version of slash and burn agriculture.
However farm forestry is profitable, and it can make other agricultural
enterprises more productive. Trees on farms also provide environmental benefits and
stimulate new jobs and industries in rural areas. Forestry companies are offering farmers high rents to grow blue gums in sharefarming arrangements on farm land. Tree establishment, management, harvesting and marketing are financed and organised by the companies, reducing the farmer's risk. Payment can be arranged as an indexed annuity, or a share of the crop at harvest. The extra income and time give many sharefarmers the freedom to start new projects, or upgrade the rest of their farming enterprise.
Earnings from farm forestry add diversity to farm incomes and can provide a buffer against cyclical downturns in prices of other farm products such as wool and meat. Harvesting can be deferred or brought forward to provide income when it is most needed. Some growers use investment in longer rotation tree crops as a kind of superannuation.
Up to 20 per cent of the farming landscape can be planted to trees without loss of agricultural production (or traditional agricultural jobs). Trees can increase overall farm productivity through the beneficial effects of shelter on pastures, crops and livestock.
Integrated farm forestry can make an aesthetically pleasing landscape, add to a farm's
market value, and make it a more interesting and enjoyable place to live and work.
NAME: IHEJIRIKA CHINAZA BLESSING
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5005002
DEPT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR201.1
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Farm forestry has a lot of advantages as the mother of agriculture that deals with the practice of planting trees on the farm to produce food, timbre, folder or wrapper etc these advantages are
• Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food
• Protection of the environment: farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are mangifera indica and dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
• Nitrogen fixation: in farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient
• Increase in productivity: forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
• High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
• Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
• Soil regeneration and restoration: forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
• Increase Revenue: farm forestry provides a continuous cycle of economic cropping that provides both short-term and long-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability that leads to increase in income but mono crops do not have crop products that increase economic values but decreases it.
• Medicinal Herbs: forest farming provides man with medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Black cohosh, Goldenseal that contributes immensely to good health thereby increasing the level of productivity for its only a healthy strong man that goes to forest farms and work but in mono crops there is no such thing because they don’t have herbal crops resulting to low productivity as a result of ill health due to lack of medicinal herbs.
Name: Ojo akintomide emmanuel. Mat no: 2012/5015012. Dept: agric eco/ext. Advantages of farm forestry over monocropping. Farm forestry can be defined as an artificially established forest, farm or estate where crops are grown for sale often in distant market rather than for local on site consumption while monocropping is the high yield agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on a piece of land in the absence of rotation through other crops. Farm forest encourages land sustainability and effective use of land in that it produces goods and services to the people while also protecting the soil but monocropping encourages excessive soil erosion and it does not encourages soil sustainability. Farm forestry also help in watershed management. The trees planted provides water shed and this shed prevent thr plant grown beneath them from excess water. These trees also help in keeping soil moist in that the root systems helps to keep the water in place and maintain soil water level. Farm forestry also help in preventing soil erosion. The trees are there yearly and these tree roots are the ones that prevent the soil erosion. In monocropping, after the primary root has been harvested, the root dies and the field lays fallow for the winter period. The root of the trees in farm forestry helps to hold the soil in place even after harvest and this helps to peep ground moisture level regular and reduce erosion. Monocropping also leads to quicker spread of pest and diseases. Since a crop is planted, it is susceptible to a pathogen meanwhile this is not so in farm forestry. Since not only one crop is grown, it ill be hard for pest and diseases to spread. Monocropping also reduces soil fertility since one crop is grown year after year but this is not so in farm forestry. Fertilizers are often used in monocropping and this disrupt the natural make up of the soil and contribute further for the depletion of the soil. The chemicals also used in killing the pest and diseases may cause pollution to the environment. Farm forestry helps in fighting against green house effect and global climate change by taking carbon out of the atmosphere and storing it in form of wood. It also help in filtering the ultravoilet rays. All these are not so in monocropping. Farm forestry helps in recycling nutrient in the farm that has been lost. But in monocropping where only one crop is grown, it even encourages loss of nutrients. Forest also serve as house for wildlife. This is an outstanding benefit because both the plant and animals are benefiting. The faeces of animals also serve as fertilizer. The leaves can be medicinal or provide useful chemicals while the fruits and flowers provide seeds which is useful for re vegetation.
ReplyDeleteDefinition of Monocroping
ReplyDeleteMonoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide even and for a large number of consective years. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture end it’s implementation has allowed for arge harvest from minimal labour.
Monoculture can lead to the quicker spread of pests & diseases, where a uniform crops susceptible to a pathoga. “crop monoculture” is the practice of growing the same crop year after year.
The term is frequently borrowed for other uses, such as raising one crop species of livestock in a farm, or even in field other them agriculture to describe any group dominated by a single variety.
Forestry
Forestry is the science, art and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving and repairing forests and associated resources to meet desired goals, needs and values for human benefit. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands. The main goal of forestry is to create and implement systems that manage forests to provide environmental supplies and services. The challenge of forestry is to create systems that are socially accepted while sustaining the resource & any other resources that might be affected. The forest science has elements that belong to the biological, physical, social, political & managerial sciences.
Mono-cropping is the practice of gowing a single crop or plant species over a wide area of land for a large number of consecutive years. This practice is common in industrial agriculture, it could lead to the wide spread of pests and diseases, loss of soil nutrient, thereby making it weak and unable to support healthy plant growth which may lead to poor production of crops. These problems could be avoided if forest farming practices are carried out.
Forestry as a course is the management of forests for the continuous production of goods and services in response to the need for an ultimate satisfaction of consumer’s desire.
Farm forest has added a great value to mono-cropping by restoring ecological balance to fragmented second growth forests through intentional manipulation to create the desired ecosystem.
Maintenance of fertile soils that supports healthy and productive ecosystems are critical processes performed by forest farming. It enriches the soil by recycling nutrients that are obtained from dead leaves and small animals on the forest floor. They help to regulate water cycle by absorbing and redistributing rainwater equally to all species, they help to preserve agricultural land from the danger of erosion, the trees blowing the soil surface away.
Through the above mentioned advantages, one can say that other components or activities of agriculture depend on the forest of forestry.
Name: ANYAELE JOSEPHINE C. Mat no: U2012/5010025 Department: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES. Forest provides habitat for life to flourish on land especially in the case of tropical rainforest where up to 80% of the plants live. Tropical forest possess the highest level of biodiversity and therefore provide the biggest genes reservoir. This is not obtained in monocropping where eliminating forest for planting kills most of the animals as their habitat is destroyed and also by planting fewer crop varieties biodiversity over time is reduced. It helps in counteracting greenhouse effect and global climate by taking carbon out of the atmosphere and storing in the form of wood. It filters out harmful uv rays. This is not so in monocropping because in monocropping system the burning of forest often use to flatten the ground emits an important amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Forest provide a large amount of different medicine material,human health is directly linked with the conservation of forest and all its respect. It improves water quality by slowing the rate at which rainfall runoff flow to rivers and streams and trapping down some of the pollutants that are harmful to water quality. Forest also improve air quality by lowering the temperature filtering dust,abating pollution,absorbing carbon monoxide,sulphur and nitrogen oxide airborne ammonia, heavy metals and then releasing oxygen. In conclusion,good management plans include the consideration of future conditions of the stand after any recommended harvest treatments including future treatments and plans for natural or artificial regeneration after final harvest. Plans instruct the sustainable harvesting and replacement of trees. Forresters consider trees falling and environmental legislation when developing plans and that is not the case in monocropping.
ReplyDeleteNAME: OMONI MARIAN UFUOMA
ReplyDeleteDEPT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
MAT NO: U2012/5005034
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
COURSE TITLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
ASSIGNMENT
-with not more than 500 words write the advantages of farm forestry over mono cropping.
ANSWERS
Farm forestry
This is growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Forest farming is the cultivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance productivity levels.
Monocropping
This is an agricultural practice in which the same crop is planted year after year on the same land in the absence of rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land (Polyculture).
A farm forestry can provide multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long term preposition. Trees can provide shade and shelter for stock, wind breaks for crops prevent erosion of soil, can improve water quality and create habitats for native animals and plants. Trees on farm are also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a property.
Monocropping is also controversial as it can damage the soil ecology (including depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients) and provide an unbuffered niche for parasitic species, increasing crop vulnerability to opportunistic insects, plantand microorganisms. The result is a more fragile ecosystem with an increased dependency on pesticides and artificial fertilizers.
One difficulty with monocropping is that the solution to one problem-whether economic, environmental or political may result in a cascade of other problems. For example a well-known concern is pesticides and fertilizers seeping into surrounding soil and ground water from extensive monocropped acreage in the U.S and Abroad.
Farm forestry produces multiple benefits for farmers, environment and the wider community. This includes:
Benefits for farmers
Tree farming can boost farm income. Blue gums for pulpwood can be ready for harvest within 10years of planting. Forestry companies are offering farmers high rents to grow bluegum in share farming arrangements on farm land.
Earnings from farm forestry add diversity to farm incomes and can provide a buffer against cyclical downturns in prices of farm products such as wool and meat.
Benefits for the Environment
By intercepting rainfall and removing water from the soil, trees can prevent saline ground water rising to the surface, when its effect on agricultural production and nature conservation is disastrous.
Trees can reduce water logging and erosion caused by water and wind. Farm forestry windbreaks provide protection for livestock, crops and pastures. Intensive livestock industries with nutrient-rich effluent can use the effluent profitably to grow trees and prevent the pollution of water resources.
Benefits to the community
The community derives many benefits from farm forestry for example, environmental benefits help protect our resource base of soil and water.
A growing farm forestry industry creates many new jobs in rural areas from raising and tending the trees through to harvesting, transporting and processing its products.
In conclusion farm forestry has these advantages over monocropping
-Reduced soil erosion
-Carbon sequestration
-Increased indigenous biodiversity
-Improved animal welfare with shade and shelter.
UNIVERSITY OF PORTHARCOURT
ReplyDeleteFACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
S/N NAMES MAT. NO CA1 CA2 CA3 TOTAL
1 ABASILIKWU CHRISTIAN OSITA U2012/5020020
2 ABRAHAM BARIAGARA .G. U2012/5020019
3 AJOKU OBINNA NATHAN U2012/5020043
4 AKARA .N. MILDRED U2012/5020018
5 AKWA VICTOR REEVES JOHN U2012/5020042
6 ALLEN UDOCHUKWU NOBLE U2012/5020044
7 ATIEMWEN FRANCIS OWEN U2012/5020036
8 BELIEVE EBENEZER SAMUEL U2012/5020028
9 CHILAKA VIVIAN U2012/5020037
10 DOKUBO T.J OMANOYE U2012/5020024
11 DURU JOY TRACY U2012/5020017
12 EJIKWOTU KELVIN NNAEMEKA U2012/5020012
13 EKPENYONG IFREKE BOSCO U2012/5020025
14 ELLAH BLESSING U2012/5020021
15 ENOBONG .C. ETUK U2012/5020002
16 ESTHER EZINWO U2012/5020016
17 HART PRECIOUS EMMANUEL U2012/5020011
18 IROANWUSI NKEIRUKA U2012/5020009
19 IWUAMADI PRECIOUS CHIDINMA U2012/5020009
20 JOB MARY OKON U2012/5020015
21 LIVY-UNIGWE MIRACLE SOCHIMAEME U2012/5020039
22 MERCY EVERECHI ORDUKWU U2012/5020027
23 MOWAH CHUKWUJINDU U2012/5020026
24 NWADIKE FRANCES CHIZITEREM U2012/5020010
25 NWIAKA PRECIOUS LEZOR U2012/5020001
26 NYOR ALUBABARI U2011/5581031
27 OCHUBA ANGELA IBE U2012/5020013
28 OGBO BLESSING JAMES U2012/5020006
29 OGBOLU BLESSING NKECHI U2012/5020014
30 OMEWU FLORENCE ADAEZE U2012/5020031
31 ONWUMA ERIC U2012/5020045
32 ONYEDINMA OLUCHI GOLD U2012/5020032
33 OPARA MIRIAM UGOCHI U2012/5020003
34 OREFFO STEPHNIE NONYELEM U2012/5020004
35 ORUPABO IBIENE GLADYS U2012/5020022
36 OSAKWE ESTHER .E. U2012/5020040
37 OSIHONYA DEBORAH CHIBUIHE U2012/5010008
38 OSSAI CHIKA MAUREEN U2012/5020033
39 OWHOR PATIENCE NWEREKA U2012/5020007
40 SAMUEL .D. ADORBU U2012/5020029
41 SELYNA YUDES U2012/5020005
42 UDEH FAITH OGECHUKWU U2012/5020034
43 UDOH EMMA ANTHONY U2012/5020035
44 UGORJI URSULA UCHECHI U2012/5020041
45 ULOLO MARK BAMALO U2012/5020023
UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT
ReplyDeleteFACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
200 LEVEL
S/N NAMES MAT. NO 1 2 3 4
1 ADAMU FIRDAUS U2012/5010039
2 ADIGWE MIRACLE U2012/5010020
3 AKANINWOR PRECIOUS U2012/5010047
4 AKHIGBE JULIUS U2012/5010031
5 AKOKHIA FATIMA U2012/5010016
6 AKUNETO GLORY CHIOMA U2012/5010037
7 AKUTA RENEE GLORIA U2012/5010053
8 AMADI UCHECHI U2012/5010015
9 ANYAELE JOSEPHINE C U2012/5010025
10 ANYANWU JENIFER BORNAX U2012/5010050
11 BOSEDE JIMBA U2012/5010011
12 BRIGGS O OSEPIRIBO U2012/5010040
13 CHIORLU OBUNEZI JESSICA U2012/5010017
14 CHUKWUNELE SYLVANUS I U2012/5010043
15 DIM JULIETH C U2012/5010041
16 DITORU MUJE BELOWEI U2012/5010019
17 EBEDE PEACE .U. U2012/5010029
18 EBULIE MARYJANE CHIAMAKA U2012/5010033
19 EKPO PETER U2012/5010038
20 EVIEN EHAIKHAYE U2012/5010027
21 EYEKPECHA AKPOJICHEKO U2012/5010030
22 EZEH CYHTHIA CHIDINMA U2012/5010028
23 EZEUDU CHRISTIAN EKENE U2012/5010014
24 EZIRE OTHUKE JOSHUA U2012/5010024
25 IBENAGA RITA CHIZOBA U2012/5010051
26 IBRAHIM JEMILAH OGHENENA U2012/5010054
27 IGBOKWE GIFT AZUGO U2012/5010035
28 IKPEME RECHEAL TONY U2012/5010034
29 IYOMO ESEGBUYOTA U2012/5010018
30 JUMBO QUEEN T.A U2012/5010007
31 NJOKU LILIAN CHIZOBA U2012/5010009
32 NNOKA FAITH U2012/5010008
33 NWACHUKWU CHIKA CLARE U2012/5010012
34 NWANKWO EBUKA U2012/5010052
35 NWANKWO VIVIAN C U2012/50100
36 NWANONIWU BRIDGET U2012/5010044
37 OAJUVWEDERHIE MONDAY O U2012/5010032
38 OBENE CHUKWUEMEKA ISREAL U2012/5010026
39 OBONG DORATHY U2012/5010045
40 ODJUVWEDERHIE MONDAY .O. U2012/5010032
41 OGBOTOBO ZEMKIZIBE ISAH U2012/5010049
42 OKONKWO JULIANA C U2012/5010003
43 OMOKRI A KELVIN U2012/5010023
44 ONAVWIE JECINTA IRORO U2012/5010013
45 OPARA EMMANUELLA U2012/5010022
46 ORLU JOSPHINE ADA U2012/5010010
47 ORLUNWO PRAYER CHIMBUROMA U2012/5010005
48 OYARI FRANCESS C U2012/5010006
49 SUNDAY JANE MFON U2012/5010048
50 TAMUNOPIROKU CHARITY D U2012/5010042
51 TOBY SANDRA ALLWELL U2012/5010001
52 UGOEZE PROMISE U2012/5010036
53 UGOEZI PATIENCE U2012/5010046
54 WOKOCHA DIANA U2012/5010002
UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT
ReplyDeleteFACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
AN
ASSIGNMENT
PRESENTED BY
DOKUBO T. J OMANOYE
U2012/5020024
Farm forest products derivable from forest abounds,and these increasingly constitute a significant element in the national economy of many tropical countries. The product of farm forest include:
Flora(plants) and Animals(fauna)
The demand of these products is on the increase and their impact is far reaching than monocropping
FARM FOREST PRODUCES THE FOLLOWING:
FOOD: The foods obtained from forest species includes vegetables, fruits,oils and beverages.All this supplies the body with some essential minerals as well as Vitamins.
Forest vegetables includes Okazi(Gnetum africana).e.t.c.
Fruits obtainable from the forest include: African pear(Dacroydes edulis), African star apple(Chrosophyllum albidum), mango(mangifera indica)etc. Oil are obtained from oil palm tree (Elaeis guineenisis) and beverages are obtained from Theobroma cacao(cocoa)
FUEL WOOK: This is the provision of firewood, wood liquid fuel and charcoal. They are used for generating energy.Charcoal is obtained from the destruction of distillation of wood.
SAWN-TIMBER: This is used for building and construction etc. and is sold in market for monetary purposes.
PULP AND PAPER: These are very important substances and indispensable.Pulp is obtained by maceration of wood or breaking up of wood into its constituent cell.etc. while paper is a reconstructed wood product.
MEDICINAL PLANTS:Some farm forest plant have medicinal values which is used in curing different ailment. These plact include Azadiractha indica (neem/dongoyaro)etc.
SPICES: some farm forest species are used as spices for adding flavor to our meals. E.g xylopia aethipica
DYES AND STAINS: They produce what is used for body decorations and dyeing of clothes.The leaves of farm forest are also a provision for wild life habitat.
EXUDATES: Different farm forest species are known to produce exudates which are put into one use or ther other. Such exudates include tannins resins,gum ,latex,etc.E.g Rubber tree( Hevea brasilliencis) forest species other products includes: sponges,wrapping leaves, wine etc.
Some faunal products are:
HONEY: Which is obtained from the honey-bee (Apis-mellifera) honey is nutritious and supplies the body with indispensable materials.
HIDES AND SKIN: This is Obtained from wildlife species Eg. Lions,leopards,buffalos, etc used in the leather industry for making bags,belts, shoes etc.
BUSH MEAT: Farm forests mammals such as cane, rats, antelops, grass cutter etc provides bush meat which are good sources of protein.
THE ROOTS: roots are rich in nutrition such as nitrogen fixation,carbondioxide releases,etc.
Monocropping only provide the fruit,and no any other thing is beneficial from a monocropping crop. Monocropping dies up after production. E.g maize.
NAME: IKPEME TONY RACHEAL
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
MAT NO: U2012/5010034
COURSE TITLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
COURSE LECTURER: U.D. CHIMA
ASSIGNMENT: DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES IN 500 WORDS THAT FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING
Overtime time, certain species of trees have been selected to cultivation in homes or livestock to provide food and medicine.
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high-value speciality crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production levels. Whereas monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same piece of land on the absence of crop rotation. The crops that are commonly cultivated in this practice include: corns, soybeans, and wheat.
The following are advantages of farm forestry over monocropping.
a. Ecological Balance: Farm forestry has the potentials to restore ecological balance to fragmented second growth forests through intentional manipulation to create the desired forest ecosystems. For instance, the intentional introduction of varieties of tree species for botanical, medicinal, food and decorative product are accomplished using existing forest. Forest farming combines ecological stability of natural forest and productive agriculture system. It is considered to have great potential for re regenerating soils, controlling floods, drought etc, compared to monomcropping that involves the propagation of only one specie of plant resulting to soil depletion, creating ecological imbalance.
b. Economic Value/Foreign Exchange: Farm forestry is a source of foreign exchange in agricultural system, by boosting the economic value of forest property and provide short and long-term benefits to both the government and land owners. It also enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants while in monocropping due to infestation of pest on the crops, the farmers or government run at a loss, leading to food crisis.
c. Erosion Prevention: The incorporation of large species of tress into the farming system provides the benefits of having roots in the soil around. While in monocropping systems when the primary crops are harvested the root died and the field and the field fallow for the winter period, washing away the soil organic matter of the topsoil. But in farm forestry the roots of the tree that surround the primary crops hold the soil in places during and after harvest, thus allows for ground moisture level to remain regular, thereby reducing soil degradation and erosion.
d. Natural Fences: In Monocropping crops like wheat, soybean and rice are commonly cultivated, which does not provide a hospitable habitat for bird species that nest in trees, also the H-plants (demarcation trees) are not practice in this system whereas in farm forestry natural fences consisting of trees or shrubs are possible alternatives to metal or stone fences.
e. Carbon Sequestration: Farm forestry has a superior/large amount of carbon sequestration in the atmosphere when compared to monomcropping system both above (emergent layer/tower) and below ground level.
REFERENCES
Chamberlain J.L.D. Mitchel: T Brighami; J. Hobby (2009).
Vaughan, R.C; J.F Munself; J.L Chamberlain products Management in the United State, (Journal of forestry III (26.33).
http//www.un-org/esa/socdex/unpfic/.
NAME: AKUTA RENEE GLORIA
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5010053
DEPT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1 ASSIGNMENT
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Farm forestry has numerous advantages as the mother of agriculture that deals with the practice of planting trees on the farm to produce food, timbre, folder or wrapper etc, these advantages are;
Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food
Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
Soil regeneration and restoration: forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
Increase Revenue: farm forestry provides a continuous cycle of economic cropping that provides both short-term and long-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability that leads to increase in income but mono crops do not have crop products that increase economic values but decreases it.
Medicinal Herbs: forest farming provides man with medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Black cohosh, Goldenseal that contributes immensely to good health thereby increasing the level of productivity for its only a healthy strong man that goes to forest farms and work but in mono crops there is no such thing because they don’t have herbal crops resulting to low productivity as a result of ill health due to lack of medicinal herbs.
Protection of the environment: farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are Mangifera indica and Dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
Nitrogen fixation: in farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient.
Increase in productivity: forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
Name: IBENAGA RITA C. Mat no: U2012/5010051 Department: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES. Tropical forest possess the highest level of biodiversity and therefore provide the biggest genes reservoir. This is not obtained in mono cropping where eliminating forest for planting kills most of the animals as their habitat is destroyed and also by planting fewer crop varieties biodiversity over time is reduced. It helps in counteracting greenhouse effect and global climate by taking carbon out of the atmosphere and storing in the form of wood. It filters out harmful uv rays. This is not so in monocropping because in monocropping system the burning of forest often use to flatten the ground emits an important amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Forest provide a large amount of different medicine material,human health is directly linked with the conservation of forest and all its respect. It improves water quality by slowing the rate at which rainfall runoff flow to rivers and streams and trapping down some of the pollutants that are harmful to water quality. Forest also improve air quality by lowering the temperature filtering dust,abating pollution,absorbing carbon monoxide,sulphur and nitrogen oxide airborne ammonia, heavy metals and then releasing oxygen. In conclusion,good management plans include the consideration of future conditions of the stand after any recommended harvest treatments including future treatments and plans for natural or artificial regeneration after final harvest. Plans instruct the sustainable harvesting and replacement of trees. Forresters consider trees falling and environmental legislation when developing plans and that is not the case in monocropping.
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5015031
ReplyDeleteDEPT.: AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
NAME: AZIDE UGOCHI CYNTHIA
Farm forestry is the process of planting trees on farm lands to provide shade, habitat etc, inorder to increase farm productivity while monocropping is the high-yield agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land.
Farm forestry has an advantage over monocropping in many ways. Farm forestry have environmental benefits in that it improve habitat and creation of a more diverse ecosystem while monocropping reduce diversity as only one type of crop is grown there will be limited number of species that would be found there. This also makes it more prone to pest and diseases as a single pest can decimate large areas of crop land and increases the wide spread of diseases to all the plants. Another advantage farm forestry has over monocropping is that when leaves of trees fall and decay they provide nutrients for plants, while monocropping leads to depletion of soil nutrient as the plants keep absorbing nutrient without replacing them, this also increases the cost of production of farmers as they have to buy more fertilizers inorder to have good productivity, the cost of pesticides and spray to prevent pest and disease is also a disadvantage in the monocropping system.
Farm trees provide shade and shelter for livestocks and plants. It also provide wind breaks for crops, and prevents soil erosion.
Farm forestry also helps to lower water table, it also lessen the risks of salinization and water logging in the sense that trees have deep roots and play role in modification of the movement of water through the landscape both across the surface of the land and below the surface through the soil. It also improves water quality and create habitat for native animal and plants. It also helps in breaking soil for easy planting while monocropping leads to an increased dependance on fossil fuels and reliance on expensive machinery that cannot be produced locally and need to be financed. And also, the continuous planting, leaves soil weak and unable to support planting.
Although, monocropping have some benefits like increasing short term food production especially in hunger – prone regions. Farm forestry has a much greater advantage over monocropping.
Name: Njoku Lilian Chizoba
ReplyDeleteDepartment of Animal science and fisheries
Matriculation Number: U2012/5010009
Course: AGR 201.2
Date: 14/08/2014
Farm forestry is the commitment of resources by forests alone, or in partnership towards the establishment or management of forestry according to the federal government farm forestry is defined as the incorporation of commercial trees growing into farming systems which can take many farms like plantations on farm, woodlots, timbers belts alley, wide-spaced tree planting and native forest.
The desired advantage over mono-cropping includes improvement of agricultural production for providing shelter for stocks and trees. Farm forestry has really contributed in developing friendship and support networks amongst foresters which led to the formation of forestry groups. Farm forestry has contributed in timber plantations for salinity control which helps to control the rising water tables that adds to dry land salinity.
There are thousands of different produce provided by the forest ranging from fine furniture to paper making, production of honey from bee hives, shelter for wild animals, protecting the soil from wind along the water ways, poles for electricity bush food, drugs e.g from tropical rainforest trees and wood residues which form derived product such as cellophane, charcoal, dyestuff, exposures, lacquers, turpentine, yeast, selling of Christmas trees to generate income, removal of carbon sequestration in the atmosphere, farm forestry provides shelterbelt for animals on parturition. Therefore, farm forestry has really contributed enormously to the Agricultural sector because it provides necessities which ranges from goods to services, forestry emphasis on timber production or biodiversity, they may seek to balance the range of benefits in a multipurpose planting, their priorities may vary over the farm or changes overtime, a forest initially established to manage wildlife or land protection might be harvested for timber or valued for its beauty, furthermore, farm forestry increases agricultural production through sustainability and improves the economic, social and environment capital. Longterm and multifunctional land uses, like forestry are rarely assessed on the basis of single criteria, it allows the cost of producing one product to be paid for the benefits provided by another.
While mono-cropping on the other hand, is an agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop plant specie over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvests from minimal labour.
Mono-cropping has a whole lot of disadvantages than its advantages and this is because it deals with just one crop on the farm land which predisposes it to many barriers that can hinder the growth of these crops cultivated and those barriers ranges from insect infestation, diseases outbreaks in which if it was diversified or mixed with other crops, they would have stand the chance to survive and save the farmer from going hungry, also the effect of acidity or alkalinity in the soil can destroy the crops due to mono-cropping, also the effect fungi and nematodes on the crops which leads to the loss of crops in mono-cropping. These are the reasons why forestry has more advantages over mono-cropping.
NAME: KANU ANTHONY OSI
ReplyDeleteDEPT.: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
MAT. NO: U2012/5005012
COURSE: AGR. 201.1
DATE: 14/08/2014
Under the current climate making a living from agriculture is increasingly more & more difficult. Many farmers are opting to work part- time off the farm to make ends meet. This increases the pressure on the farmer who still have farm to manage and workload invariably become too much to handle forestry on the other hand is not labour intensive and can free up more time for work off the farm and for the family.
However when comparing income from farming and forestry we must look at the annual cash income for both activities. Livestock and cereals provide an annual income by way of subsidies in the post, but when compared to forestry premiums, the main figure to assess is the family farm income, the money available for living expenses and farm investment after cost are deducted. Recent figure shows that about one third of farmers earn less than 300 per hectare annually from farming in recent years, farmers who change over to farm forestry receive an annual premium payment, tax free averaging over 400 some as high as 500 per hectare thus shows that forestry surpasses mono-cropping in terms of increasing your income.
For the majority of farmers establishing a farm forest, timber is generally seen as the main end product. In the production of commercially viable timber from your forest. In the current climate of increasing global population and the increasing used and diversity of wood product the demand for quality conifers and broadleaves from sustainably managed forest will continue to increase and thereby leading to high foreign exchange while crops planting in mono-cropping in mono-cropping are not all that soughted for and do not provide much foreign exchange. The earth’s atmosphere contains a number of green house gases. Green house gasses trap the heat from the sun inside the atmosphere. Some green house gases are carbondioxide we need these gasses in small amount but they can be harmful at high level.
Forest help remove large amount of carbondioxide from the air. The absorb the gas during photosyntheses. As greenhouse gasses build up, more of the sun’s heat gets trapped and that leads to climate change (the destruction of the delicate balance of the earth’s ecosystem). The added pollution in the atmosphere can also lead to acid rain when the gases mix with water in cloud. The forest helps to remove and reduce the presence of carbondioxide in the atmosphere using it during photosynthesis more than crop plant in mono-cropping because of its size and height.
The forest involves the growing of plant trees which involves the cultivation of various species and of trees thereby providing a room for choice on the different species while in mono-cropping there is no chance for choice making because only one crop plant is being cultivated at a particular time.
Forest farm involves the growing of many species of trees (plant) & so do not promote pest and disease as mono-cropping in which only one plant is cultivated and a easily attacked by pest and disease since they are plant of the same species.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteMonocropping in general, is the practice of growing a single crop year after
year on the same piece of land, while Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Some of the advantages over farm forestry are listed below;
Increase Revenue: Farm forestry provides a continuous cycle of economic cropping that provides both short-term and long-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability that leads to increase in income but mono crops do not have crop products that increase economic values but decreases it.
Medicinal Herbs: Forestry or farm forest farming provides man with medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Black cohosh, Goldenseal that contributes immensely to good health thereby increasing the level of productivity for its only a healthy strong man that goes to forest farms and work but in mono crops there is no such thing because they don’t have herbal crops resulting to low productivity as a result of ill health due to lack of medicinal herbs.
Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with food such as vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food
Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
Soil regeneration and restoration: Forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
Protection of the environment: Farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are Mangifera indica and Dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
Nitrogen fixation: In farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient.
Increase in productivity: Forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
Erosion Prevention: The incorporation of large species of tress into the farming system provides the benefits of having roots in the soil around. While in monocropping systems when the primary crops are harvested the root died and the field and the field fallow for the winter period, washing away the soil organic matter of the topsoil. But in farm forestry the roots of the tree that surround the primary crops hold the soil in places during and after harvest, thus allows for ground moisture level to remain regular, thereby reducing soil degradation and erosion.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteMonoculture in agricultural practice is the growing of a single crop or plant species over a wide even and for a large number of consecutive years. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture end its implementation has allowed for large harvest from minimal labour.
Monoculture can lead to the quicker spread of pests & diseases, where a uniform crops susceptible to a pathoga. “crop monoculture” is the practice of growing the same crop year after year.
The term is frequently borrowed for other uses, such as raising one crop species of livestock in a farm, or even in field other them agriculture to describe any group dominated by a single variety.
Forestry
• Forestry is the science, art and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving and repairing forests and associated resources to meet desired goals, needs and values for human benefit. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands. The main goal of forestry is to create and implement systems that manage forests to provide environmental supplies and services. The challenge of forestry is to create systems that are socially accepted while sustaining the resource & any other resources that might be affected. The forest science has elements that belong to the biological, physical, social, political & managerial sciences. This practice is common in industrial agriculture, it could lead to the wide spread of pests and diseases, loss of soil nutrient, thereby making it weak and unable to support healthy plant growth which may lead to poor production of crops. These problems could be avoided if forest farming practices are carried out.
• Forestry as a discipline is the management of forests for the continuous production of goods and services in response to the need for an ultimate satisfaction of consumer’s desire.
Farm forest has added a great value to mono-cropping by restoring ecological balance to fragmented second growth forests through intentional manipulation to create the desired ecosystem.
Maintenance of fertile soils that supports healthy and productive ecosystems are critical processes performed by forest farming. It enriches the soil by recycling nutrients that are obtained from dead leaves and small animals on the forest floor. They help to regulate water cycle by absorbing and redistributing rainwater equally to all species, they help to preserve agricultural land from the danger of erosion, the trees blowing the soil surface away.
Through the above mentioned advantages, one can say that other components or activities of agriculture depend on the forest of forestry.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteMonoculture in agricultural practice is the growing of a single crop or plant species on a single piece of land. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture end its implementation has allowed for large harvest from minimal labour. Monoculture can lead to the quicker spread of pests & diseases, where a uniform crops susceptible to a pathoga. “crop monoculture” is the practice of growing the same crop year after year.
The term is frequently borrowed for other uses, such as raising one crop species of livestock in a farm, or even in field other them agriculture to describe any group dominated by a single variety.
Forestry. Farm forestry provides the following;
Food: The foods obtained from forest species includes vegetables, fruits,oils and beverages.All this supplies the body with some essential minerals as well as Vitamins.
Forest vegetables includes Okazi(Gnetum africana).e.t.c.
Fruits obtainable from the forest include: African pear(Dacroydes edulis), African star apple(Chrosophyllum albidum), mango(mangifera indica)etc. Oil are obtained from oil palm tree (Elaeis guineenisis) and beverages are obtained from Theobroma cocoa.
Fuel Wook: This is the provision of firewood, wood liquid fuel and charcoal. They are used for generating energy. Charcoal is obtained from the destruction of distillation of wood.
Sawn-Timber: This is used for building and construction etc. and is sold in market for monetary purposes.
PULP AND PAPER: These are very important substances and indispensable. Pulp is obtained by maceration of wood or breaking up of wood into its constituent cell.etc. while paper is a reconstructed wood product.
Medicinal Plants: Some farm forest plant have medicinal values which is used in curing different ailment. These plact include Azadiractha indica etc.
SPICES: some farm forest species are used as spices for adding flavor to our meals. E.g Xylopia aethipica
Dyes and Stains: They produce what is used for body decorations and dyeing of clothes. The leaves of farm forest are also a provision for wild life habitat.
Exudates: Different farm forest species are known to produce exudates which are put into one use or there other. Such exudates include tannins resins, gum, latex, etc. E.g Rubber tree (Hevea brasilliencis) forest species other products includes: sponges, wrapping leaves, wine etc.
Some faunal products are:
Honey: Which is obtained from the honey-bee (Apis-mellifera) honey is nutritious and supplies the body with indispensable materials.
Hides and Skin: This is obtained from wildlife species E.g. Lions, leopards, buffalos, etc used in the leather industry for making bags, belts, shoes etc.
Bush Meat: Farm forests mammals such as cane, rats, antelops, grass cutter etc provides bush meat which are good sources of protein.
The Roots: Roots are rich in nutrition such as nitrogen fixation,carbondioxide releases,etc.
Monocropping only provide the fruit,and no any other thing is beneficial from a monocropping crop. Monocropping dies up after production. E.g maize
Name:Chinuru Johnson
ReplyDeleteDept:Agricultural Economics & Extension
Mat No:U2012/5015026
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a foresy canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production levels.forest farming encopasses a range of cultivated systems from introducing plants into the understory of timbers stand to modifying forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year in the same land in the absence rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land
The advantages farm forestry has over monocropping includes;
ATMOSPHERIC PURIFICATIONS:Farm forestry has a high ability for carbon absorption.due to tall trees that capures excess carbon in the atmospher and store carbon
EROSION PREVENTION:due to dorminance of tall trees with broad roots.In farm forestry.the roots of the trees that surrounds the primary crops hold soil in place during and after harvest,this allows for ground,moisture level to remain regular reducing soil degradation and erosion
WATER MANAGEMENT:Farm forestry helps with water shed managements.the shed provided by tall trees help the plant being grown beneath them to be watered adequately.
SUNLIGHT CONTROL:farm forestry helps with control of excess penetration of sunlight.the canopy provided by the tree helps the plant beneath them to be protected by excess sunlight.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteMonocropping, is the practice of growing a single crop the same piece of land, while Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Some of the advantages over farm forestry are listed
below;
Medicinal Herbs: Forestry or farm forest farming provides man with medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Black cohosh, Goldenseal that contributes immensely to good health thereby increasing the level of productivity for its only a healthy strong man that goes to forest farms and work but in mono crops there is no such thing because they don’t have herbal crops resulting to low productivity as a result of ill health due to lack of medicinal herbs.
Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with food such as vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food
Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
Soil regeneration and restoration: Forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
Protection of the environment: Farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are Mangifera indica and Dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
Nitrogen fixation: In farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient.
Increase in productivity: Forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
Increase Revenue: Farm forestry provides a continuous cycle of economic cropping that provides both short-term and long-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability that leads to increase in income but mono crops do not have crop products that increase economic values but decreases it.
Name:Serious Stephen Bill
ReplyDeleteDepartment:Agricultural Economics & Extension
Matric number:U2012/5015051
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy -it provides shade levels and habitat that favour growth and enhance production levels
-it enhances the marketability and sustain production of existing plants
-the dead and fallen off dead leaves of the forest trees are decomposed and add nutrients to the soil thereby making nutrients available to the plants
-it maintains forest integrity and environmental health
-increases benefits to the land owner
-crops like ginseng or shiitake mushrooms can be cultivated which have high market value
-non-timber forest products(NTFPs) can also be gotten from forest farming which can be edible,medicinal,decorative or floral,dietary supplements or specialty wood-based products
While
Monocropping is the practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years.
-it leads to quicker spread of pests and diseases,where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen.
Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees for commercial purposes. Forest grown on farms in combination of with crops or used for grazing is referred to as ‘agroforestry’, while mono cropping is the practice of producing or growing a single crop on the same piece of land. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvest from minimal labor.
ReplyDeleteThe advantages farm forest has over monocropping are stated below;
By combining woody perennials with forge and food crops, marginal areas that are too fragile for sustainable, intensive mono cropping systems can produce food, forage, and wood crops.
Tree products provide income for farmers when drought or hailstorms has destroyed annual crops, this extends the farms survival until better conditions return.
Some tree species fix atmospheric nitrogen and add it to the soil thereby improving mono cropping.
Tress absorb nutrients and pesticides that otherwise would enter streams, lakes, or groundwater systems, adding environmental and economic benefits.
Because tree are perennials, farmers have the flexibility in deciding when to harvest them, thus trees can generate income or provide savings for later.
Farm forest practices can help farms cope with uncertainties of drought, frost, pest and other phenomenon that can lead to serious mono crop failure, farm forest (agroforestry) can enhance farmer’s financial security while providing environmental security to the society.
As an important form of land sustainability
Contributing to effective land use and sustainability of the land it is a form of agriculture which produces goods and services while continuing to protect the natural resource base (soil), while mono cropping which widely encourages excessive soil erosion is inefficient and obviously not sustainable.
It blends production with protection
It concerns resiliency, diversity, and avoid negative side effects and focus on holistic approach to land management. Fuel wood, pools, timber and fodder are farm forest products often solely needed by rural people. Trees also moderate the micro climate, protect the soil, provide shade to livestock and enhance crop production by reducing the effect of wind on crops.
It can improve land resiliency (helping the soil to return to its original shape after been deformed by mono cropping). Because farm forest system have more than one production component and are structurally and functionally complex, they tend to be more resilient than most mono cropping system.
It can reduce adverse environmental impacts by creating mutually beneficial land uses both on site and off site by increase soil conservation, preventing evapotranspiration of crops, surface runoff and increased infiltration.
Agroforestry is more diverse than mono cropping.
A diversity of species often reduces the susceptibility of any one component to pests. Unlike mono cropping which leads too quicker spread of pest and diseases where a uniform crop is more susceptible to a particular pathogen.
NAME:EBULUE MARYJANE CHIAMAKA
ReplyDeleteMAT NO:U2012/5010033
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
DEPT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND
FISHERIES
FACULTY:AGRICULTURE
DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING
MONOCROPPING is the agricultural practice of
growing a single crop year after year on the
same land, in the absence rotation through
other crops or growing multiple crops on the
same land ( polyculture).
While economically a very efficient system,
allowing for specialization in equipment and
crop production, monocropping is also
controversial, as it can damage the soil ecology
(including depletion or reduction in diversity of
soil nutrients) and provide an unbuffered niche
for parasitic species, increasing crop
vulnerability to opportunistic insects, plants,
and microorganisms. The result is a more
fragile ecosystem with an increased
dependency on pesticides and artificial
fertilizers.
In a
monocropping regime, farmers are less likely to
rotate their crops and replenish such essential
soil nutrients. In addition, artificial high-nitrogen
fertilizers can "burn" the soil by creating an
unfavorable environment for indigenous
organisms, a phenomenon well-known to
organic gardeners and farmers (who avoid it),
resulting in further disruption of soil ecology
and dependence on further short-term fertilizer
strategies. Lacking a stable ecology, in the
absence of substantial irrigation and chemical
"fixes" the soil can become dry and begin to
erode.
Under certain circumstances monocropping can
lead to deforestation.
Since all plants in monocropping are genetically similar,if a disease strikes to which they have no resistance, it can destroy entire populations of crops.
FOREST FARMING is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under the protection of a forest canopy that has been modified to provide the correct shade level to favor growth and enhance production levels.Forest farming as a sustainable land use practice employs the principle of taking an existing forest structure and intentionally reshaping it in order to create the most beneficial components for economic and ecological growth.Forest farming combines ecological stability of natural forests and productive agricultural systems, it is considered to have great potential for regenerating soils,restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal lands.In addition to these benefits for re-establishing productive forests on marginal lands, forest farming is a way to add financial value while conserving land that is currently forested.Forest farming does not affect the land by depleting the soil as in monocropping. Through farm forestry we can get(NTFPs)-Non-timber forest products such as mats,chewing stick,fuelwood etc.We can also get plants like ginseng,mushroom, mayapple, goldenseal etc,for medicinal, culinary and ornamental uses.
Finally, farm forests offer valuable practical benefits to owners with indirect cost savings and additional revenue opportunities to contribute to the profitability of the overall farm enterprise.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteFarm forestry is the study and management of forest, while monocropping is the practice or growing of a single crop on the same piece of land year after year. Farm forestry has the following advantages over monocropping;
Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with food such as vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food.
Increase Revenue: Farm forestry provides a continuous cycle of economic cropping that provides both short-term and long-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability that leads to increase in income but mono crops do not have crop products that increase economic values but decreases it.
Medicinal Herbs: Forestry or farm forest farming provides man with medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Black cohosh, Goldenseal that contributes immensely to good health thereby increasing the level of productivity for its only a healthy strong man that goes to forest farms and work but in mono crops there is no such thing because they don’t have herbal crops resulting to low productivity as a result of ill health due to lack of medicinal herbs.
Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
Soil regeneration and restoration: Forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
Protection of the environment: Farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are Mangifera indica and Dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
Nitrogen fixation: In farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient.
Increase in productivity: Forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
NAME: OKIEMUTE GLORIA
ReplyDeleteMAT NO:U2012/5020030
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
COURSE TITLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
DEPT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
Farm forestry: is the growing and use of trees on farm for commercial purposes. Forests grown on farms in combination with crops or used for grazing is reffered to as “agroforestry”
Monocropping: is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wild area and for a large number of consecutive years.itis widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvests from minimal labour.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY{AGROFORESTRY} HAS OVER MONOCROPPING IS AS FOLLOWS:
[1] Farm forest can supply timber to the forest industry from private land.
[2] Farm forest can provide multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long term proposition.
[3] Farm forest trees can provide shade and shelter for stock,wind-breaks for crop.
[4] Prevent erosion of soil, help lower the water Quality.
[5] Create habitats for native animals and plants.
[6] It improved health of the forest and increased income opportunities.
[7] As an important form of land sustainability.
[8] Farm forest allowed sustainable use of land forest management
[9] To harvest the farm forest trees for lumber and other wood products.
[1] Choosing the correct trees for maximum potential benefit economically must be measured against the the trees potential benefit to the surrounding ecosystem when the forest is correctly managed, there will be a higher biodiversity in the forest ,unlike monocrpping that lead to the quicker spread of pest and diseases, where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen.
THE ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCOPPING
ReplyDeleteFarm forestry growing of specialty of crops or plants under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade level and habitat that favour growth and enhance production level. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated system from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modify forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants. On the other hand, Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on same piece of land. The following are some of the advantages of farm forestry over monocropping
Farm forestry is a type of agroforestry practice that is characterized bythe system that combines trees with crops or livestockor both, on the same piece of land. It focuses on increasing benefits to the landowner as well as maintaining forest integrity and environmental health. The practice involves cultivating non-timber forest products or niche crops, some of which,such as ginseng or shiltake mushroom, can have high market value. While in monocropping diverse species are not planted rather it is only one particular species.
Farm forestry does not involve the use of expensive farm equipment in the other hand, monocropping as an agricultural strategy tends to emphasize the use of expensive specialized farm equipment -an important component in realizing its efficiency goals. This can lead to an increased dependency on fossil fuels ando reliance on expensive machinery that cannot be produced locally and may need to be financed.
Farm forestry produces high quality fodder especially useful in drought condition and in times of feed shortage unlike monocropping. Trees beside water courses provide shade and thus improve water quality and biodiversity. Fencing off stream and planting trees provides a natural filter that reduces siltatation and nutrient runoff into water courses. This means environmental benefits aesthetic value and also provides satisfaction to the landowner.
Farm forestry trees provide a very attractive setting in any rural landscape. Deciduous trees provide wonderful autumn colours, while evergreen trees provide a forest setting, shade and tranquility unlike monocropping.
In conclusion forest provides many environmental benefits to society. These include improved water quality and reduce soil erosion, along with landscape, biodiversity and recreation values. Healthy forest in critical catchments reduce flood damage downstream and therefore reduce the cost to society from such event, by encouraging the use of timber and timber products. While all these are not applicable to mono cropping.
In farm forestry, shelterbelt of trees can increase pasture productivity by providing a warmer microclimate. These trees can also yield valuable timber or fibre and can increase overall farm income by providing shade for stock, trees on farms reduces stress on animal and improve the environment, thus improving productivity while in monocropping, planting the same crop each year zaps nutrients from the earth and leaves soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. Because soil structure and quality is so poor, farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizer to encourage plant growth and fruit production. These fertilizers in turn disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and contribute further to nutrient depletion. Monocropping also creates the spread of pest and diseases which must be treated with yet more chemicals. The effects of monocropping on the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizer make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution.
NAME: OSILEM MESSAGE CHINWEOTA
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NUMBER: U2012/5015038
DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
COURSE TITTLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
ASSIGNMENT ON
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONO CROPPING
Farm forestry involves the planting of different types of trees or crops of different species while monocropping is the planting of the same type of crops of the same species. Farm forestry helps in the control of pest and diseases due to the different types of plant that are cultivated. This happens because some of the plants that are cultivated can serve as natural conservative or natural pesticide to other plants thereby reducing the rate of pest and disease attack. Meanwhile, monocropping encourages the attack of pest and diseases due to the fact that just a particular type of crop is being cultivated. Also, when attacked by pest or disease, there is an access of easy spread because there is no natural resisting agent (crop) that is planted alongside with it.
Farm forestry can contribute to soil nutrient through the fallen leafs of the different cultivated crops/trees. That is to say that plant differs in nutrients contained in a plant might be needed by other to enhance growth. Unlike monocropping where just a particular type of crop is always planted every year in the same place which may cause the soil to loss its nutrient leaving the soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. Due to the poor structure and poor quantity of soil, farmers are forced to use chemicals fertilizers to encourage plant growth and fruit production which in turn disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and contribute further to nutrient depletion.
In farm forestry, the trees planted helps in creating a canopy which helps in preventing soil erosion caused by water and wind.
NAME: OSHIONYA CHIBUIHE DEBORAH
ReplyDeleteMAT. NO: U2012/5020008
DEPT: FORESTRY AND WILD LIFE MGT
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER
MONOCROPPING
Monocropping: This is the practice of growing a single crop year by year in a particular piece of land without the application of crop rotation.
Farm forestry: is the panting/growing of trees in a farm for commercial purposes production of food, raw material, protection of the envelopment and to improve living conditions of plants.
Farm forestry is of high level advantage over monocropping because monocropping utilizes soil nutrients and leaves it weak without any source of nutrient regeneration while in farm forestry nutrient are generated through the shedding of leaves from trees that decays and turns to organic manure for the soil.This help in boosting of the soil nutrient, structure and texture.
Trees are of multipurpose value unlike monocropping, reason are that every part of a tree has it’s own distinct use and value in the economy for example an okra plant is for the strict production of okra vegetable while a tree has many purpose and it depends on it’s individual part.
Root: the root serves as an agent that controls soil erosion, it prevents the washing away of soil and it’s nutrient thereby retaining the soil nutrient, structure and texture for good plant growth
Stem: this has diverse usage in the society at large as it serves as a source of medicine, used in the production of timber, paper furnitures, walking sticks, poles, cooking utensils, chewing stick etc Bark: it is also of medicinal values, we get dies from it and some are fire resistant species.
Leaves: are of great medicinal values, when they decay they serve as manure for plant, they are used as vegetable, spices etc they are also natural habitat of most animals birds, squired etc they provide
Shades: it protects animals and bird which are the agents of pollination of most plants from predators. Pruning’s from trees are used as fire woods especially in our rural area where the use of electric cooker, gas and kerosene stove are not common. The tree protect the animals since it serves as hide for them thereby indirectly providing hides and skin that we get from animals without which we won’t have our leathers, belts etc.
Farm forestry helps to balance the circulation of 02 and CO2 in the atmosphere through respiration and photosynthesis. It helps in the prevention of forestry desertification. farm forestry in all account is more useful and economical to the environment at large than mono cropping.
ADVANTAGE OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteFarm forestry as a course or discipline is the study of resources by forests alone, or in jointly towards the establishment or management of forestry according to the federal government farm forestry is defined as the incorporation of commercial trees growing into farming systems which can take many farms like plantations on farm, woodlots, timbers belts alley, wide-spaced tree planting and native forest.
The desired advantage over mono-cropping includes improvement of agricultural production for providing shelter for stocks and trees. Farm forestry has really contributed in developing friendship and support networks amongst foresters which led to the formation of forestry groups. Farm forestry has contributed in timber plantations for salinity control which helps to control the rising water tables that adds to dry land salinity.
There are so many different types of species provided by the forest ranging from fine furniture to paper making, production of honey from bee hives, shelter for wild animals, protecting the soil from wind along the water ways, poles for electricity bush food, drugs e.g from tropical rainforest trees and wood residues which form derived product such as cellophane, charcoal, dyestuff, exposures, lacquers, turpentine, yeast, selling of Christmas trees to generate income, removal of carbon sequestration in the atmosphere, farm forestry provides shelterbelt for animals on parturition. Therefore, farm forestry has really contributed enormously to the Agricultural sector because it provides necessities which ranges from goods to services, forestry emphasis on timber production or biodiversity, they may seek to balance the range of benefits in a multipurpose planting, their priorities may vary over the farm or changes overtime, a forest initially established to manage wildlife or land protection might be harvested for timber or valued for its beauty, furthermore, farm forestry increases agricultural production through sustainability and improves the economic, social and environment capital.
While mono-cropping on the other hand, is an agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop plant specie over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvests from minimal labour.
Mono-cropping has a whole lot of disadvantages than its advantages and this is because it deals with just one crop on the farm land which predisposes it to many barriers that can hinder the growth of these crops cultivated and those barriers ranges from insect infestation, diseases outbreaks in which if it was diversified or mixed with other crops, they would have stand the chance to survive and save the farmer from going hungry, also the effect of acidity or alkalinity in the soil can destroy the crops due to mono-cropping, also the effect fungi and nematodes on the crops which leads to the loss of crops in mono-cropping. These are the reasons why forestry has more advantages over mono-cropping.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteMonocropping in general, is the practice of growing a single crop year after
year on the same piece of land, while Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Some of the advantages over farm forestry are listed below;
Increase Revenue: Farm forestry provides a continuous cycle of economic cropping that provides both short-term and long-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability that leads to increase in income but mono crops do not have crop products that increase economic values but decreases it.
Medicinal Herbs: Forestry or farm forest farming provides man with medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Black cohosh, Goldenseal that contributes immensely to good health thereby increasing the level of productivity for its only a healthy strong man that goes to forest farms and work but in mono crops there is no such thing because they don’t have herbal crops resulting to low productivity as a result of ill health due to lack of medicinal herbs.
Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with food such as vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food
Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
Soil regeneration and restoration: Forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
Protection of the environment: Farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are Mangifera indica and Dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
Nitrogen fixation: In farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient.
Increase in productivity: Forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
Erosion Prevention: The incorporation of large species of tress into the farming system provides the benefits of having roots in the soil around. While in monocropping systems when the primary crops are harvested the root died and the field and the field fallow for the winter period, washing away the soil organic matter of the topsoil. But in farm forestry the roots of the tree that surround the primary crops hold the soil in places during and after harvest, thus allows for ground moisture level to remain regular, thereby reducing soil degradation and erosion.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteMonoculture in agricultural practice is the growing of a single crop or plant species over a wide even and for a large number of consecutive years. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture end its implementation has allowed for large harvest from minimal labour.
Monoculture can lead to the quicker spread of pests & diseases, where a uniform crops susceptible to a pathoga. “crop monoculture” is the practice of growing the same crop year after year.
The term is frequently borrowed for other uses, such as raising one crop species of livestock in a farm, or even in field other them agriculture to describe any group dominated by a single variety.
Forestry
• Forestry is the science, art and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving and repairing forests and associated resources to meet desired goals, needs and values for human benefit. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands. The main goal of forestry is to create and implement systems that manage forests to provide environmental supplies and services. The challenge of forestry is to create systems that are socially accepted while sustaining the resource & any other resources that might be affected. The forest science has elements that belong to the biological, physical, social, political & managerial sciences. This practice is common in industrial agriculture, it could lead to the wide spread of pests and diseases, loss of soil nutrient, thereby making it weak and unable to support healthy plant growth which may lead to poor production of crops. These problems could be avoided if forest farming practices are carried out.
• Forestry as a discipline is the management of forests for the continuous production of goods and services in response to the need for an ultimate satisfaction of consumer’s desire.
Farm forest has added a great value to mono-cropping by restoring ecological balance to fragmented second growth forests through intentional manipulation to create the desired ecosystem.
Maintenance of fertile soils that supports healthy and productive ecosystems are critical processes performed by forest farming. It enriches the soil by recycling nutrients that are obtained from dead leaves and small animals on the forest floor. They help to regulate water cycle by absorbing and redistributing rainwater equally to all species, they help to preserve agricultural land from the danger of erosion, the trees blowing the soil surface away.
Through the above mentioned advantages, one can say that other components or activities of agriculture depend on the forest of forestry.
HE ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCOPPING
ReplyDeleteFarm forestry growing of specialty of crops or plants under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade level and habitat that favour growth and enhance production level. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated system from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modify forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants. On the other hand, Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on same piece of land. The following are some of the advantages of farm forestry over monocropping
Farm forestry is a type of agroforestry practice that is characterized bythe system that combines trees with crops or livestockor both, on the same piece of land. It focuses on increasing benefits to the landowner as well as maintaining forest integrity and environmental health. The practice involves cultivating non-timber forest products or niche crops, some of which,such as ginseng or shiltake mushroom, can have high market value. While in monocropping diverse species are not planted rather it is only one particular species.
Farm forestry does not involve the use of expensive farm equipment in the other hand, monocropping as an agricultural strategy tends to emphasize the use of expensive specialized farm equipment -an important component in realizing its efficiency goals. This can lead to an increased dependency on fossil fuels ando reliance on expensive machinery that cannot be produced locally and may need to be financed.
Farm forestry produces high quality fodder especially useful in drought condition and in times of feed shortage unlike monocropping. Trees beside water courses provide shade and thus improve water quality and biodiversity. Fencing off stream and planting trees provides a natural filter that reduces siltatation and nutrient runoff into water courses. This means environmental benefits aesthetic value and also provides satisfaction to the landowner.
Farm forestry trees provide a very attractive setting in any rural landscape. Deciduous trees provide wonderful autumn colours, while evergreen trees provide a forest setting, shade and tranquility unlike monocropping.
In conclusion forest provides many environmental benefits to society. These include improved water quality and reduce soil erosion, along with landscape, biodiversity and recreation values. Healthy forest in critical catchments reduce flood damage downstream and therefore reduce the cost to society from such event, by encouraging the use of timber and timber products. While all these are not applicable to mono cropping.
In farm forestry, shelterbelt of trees can increase pasture productivity by providing a warmer microclimate. These trees can also yield valuable timber or fibre and can increase overall farm income by providing shade for stock, trees on farms reduces stress on animal and improve the environment, thus improving productivity while in monocropping, planting the same crop each year zaps nutrients from the earth and leaves soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. Because soil structure and quality is so poor, farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizer to encourage plant growth and fruit production. These fertilizers in turn disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and contribute further to nutrient depletion. Monocropping also creates the spread of pest and diseases which must be treated with yet more chemicals. The effects of monocropping on the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizer make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution.
NAME: ADENIYI OLUWASEGUN JOHN
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: u2012/5005037
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
DEPARTMENT: CROP AND SOIL SCIEDNCE
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
ASSIGNMENT ON FARM FORESTRY: IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS, DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING.
Forestry Advantages:--tress act as a large carbon sinking in carbon dioxide out of the green house gasses in the atmosphere.
They can store this carbon in their roots, trunks, branches and leaves for hundred years.
It provide habitats and homes for animals and birds.
with high level of joblessness especially in West Africa, farm forestry is a very reliable and able source of creating jobs more especially in the rural areas. Raising of trees, transporting and processing its massive productions which deals with a particular crop.
Advantages of monocropping.
Helps in counteracting greenhouse effect and global climate change by taking carbon out of the atmosphere and storing it in the form of wood. It filters out harmful UV rays. This is not so in monocropping because in monocropping systems the burning of forests often used to flatten the ground emits an important amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
It improves water quality by slowing the rate at which rainfall runoff flows to rivers and streams and trapping down some of the pollutants that are harmful to water quality.
Forests provide a huge amount of different medicine material. Human health is directly linked with the conservation of forests and all its respects.
It stabilizes the climate in general and accentuates the seasons.
I could go on and on but I would like to conclude by saying that the fewer varieties of crops encourage by monocropping can have a huge impact on the number and types of insect and vertebrate species over time. The UNIFAO has confirmed that over the last 100 years, 75% of the world’s crop varieties have disappeared. There is a huge constraint on biodiversity in the world. These are issues which can be brought to a halt by farm forestry, reforestation and conserving our forests.
treat the whole area the same (same fertilizer, pest control, etc.)
-- fewer kinds of equipment needed
Disadvantages -
-- Diseases and pests spread quickly
-- If that kind of crop doesn't do well in that year's conditions, you are going to lose out. You don't have something else that might be doing well.
Monocropping can attempt to maximaise profit by planting all available land in with the most profitable crop type
Simplicity only needs to follow a single process of plant and entire farm. Crop management is also simplified
Economic of scale( potentially)
Disadvantages
Vulnerability of diseases that affect a particular plant type
Vulnerability to bad weather during critical point of growing season
The land can be potentially be drained of nutrients after a few years without using fertilizers
Vulnerability to adverse market – if the price of the crop tanks, then the farm may be in financial difficulty
ASSIGNMENT ON: ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteFarm forestry is the study and management of forest, while monocropping is the practice or growing of a single crop on the same piece of land year after year. Farm forestry has the following advantages over monocropping;
Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with food such as vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food.
Increase Revenue: Farm forestry provides a continuous cycle of economic cropping that provides both short-term and long-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability that leads to increase in income but mono crops do not have crop products that increase economic values but decreases it.
Medicinal Herbs: Forestry or farm forest farming provides man with medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Black cohosh, Goldenseal that contributes immensely to good health thereby increasing the level of productivity for its only a healthy strong man that goes to forest farms and work but in mono crops there is no such thing because they don’t have herbal crops resulting to low productivity as a result of ill health due to lack of medicinal herbs.
Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
Soil regeneration and restoration: Forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
Protection of the environment: Farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are Mangifera indica and Dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
Nitrogen fixation: In farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient.
Increase in productivity: Forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
NAME: OKOLI IFUNANYA JULIANA
ReplyDeleteDEPT: AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
MAT No: U2012/5015015
COURSE: AGR 2011.1 ASSIGNMENT
DATE: 14th AUGUST, 2014.
QUESTION
IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING.
Forestry farming is the cultivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production level. Forestry farming encompasses a range of cultivated system from introducing plants into the under story of a timber stand in modifying forest stand and enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants.
Monocropping is the agricultural practices of growing a single crop year after year on the piece of land in the absence of rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the land (polyculture). Corn, soybean and wheat are three common crops often grown using monocropping techniques.
The advantages farm forestry has over monocropping is that farm forestry deals with the management system that combines trees with crops or livestock or both on the piece of land thereby increase and enrich the soil with soil organic materials, while monocropping deals with planting the same crop in the same piece of land each year which zaps nutrients from the earth and leaves the soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth because soil structure and quality is so poor thereby making the farmers use chemical fertilizers to encourage the plant growth and fruit production.
Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees for commercial purposes. Forest grown on farms in combination of with crops or used for grazing is referred to as ‘agroforestry’, while mono cropping is the practice of producing or growing a single crop on the same piece of land. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvest from minimal labor.
ReplyDeleteThe advantages farm forest has over monocropping are stated below;
By combining woody perennials with forge and food crops, marginal areas that are too fragile for sustainable, intensive mono cropping systems can produce food, forage, and wood crops.
Tree products provide income for farmers when drought or hailstorms has destroyed annual crops, this extends the farms survival until better conditions return.
Some tree species fix atmospheric nitrogen and add it to the soil thereby improving mono cropping.
Tress absorb nutrients and pesticides that otherwise would enter streams, lakes, or groundwater systems, adding environmental and economic benefits.
Because tree are perennials, farmers have the flexibility in deciding when to harvest them, thus trees can generate income or provide savings for later.
Farm forest practices can help farms cope with uncertainties of drought, frost, pest and other phenomenon that can lead to serious mono crop failure, farm forest (agroforestry) can enhance farmer’s financial security while providing environmental security to the society.
As an important form of land sustainability
Contributing to effective land use and sustainability of the land it is a form of agriculture which produces goods and services while continuing to protect the natural resource base (soil), while mono cropping which widely encourages excessive soil erosion is inefficient and obviously not sustainable.
It blends production with protection
It concerns resiliency, diversity, and avoid negative side effects and focus on holistic approach to land management. Fuel wood, pools, timber and fodder are farm forest products often solely needed by rural people. Trees also moderate the micro climate, protect the soil, provide shade to livestock and enhance crop production by reducing the effect of wind on crops.
It can improve land resiliency (helping the soil to return to its original shape after been deformed by mono cropping). Because farm forest system have more than one production component and are structurally and functionally complex, they tend to be more resilient than most mono cropping system.
It can reduce adverse environmental impacts by creating mutually beneficial land uses both on site and off site by increase soil conservation, preventing evapotranspiration of crops, surface runoff and increased infiltration.
Agroforestry is more diverse than mono cropping.
A diversity of species often reduces the susceptibility of any one component to pests. Unlike mono cropping which leads too quicker spread of pest and diseases where a uniform crop is more susceptible to a particular pathogen.
ASSIGNMENT ON: ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteMonocropping, is the practice of growing a single crop the same piece of land, while Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Some of the advantages over farm forestry are listed
below;
Medicinal Herbs: Forestry or farm forest farming provides man with medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Black cohosh, Goldenseal that contributes immensely to good health thereby increasing the level of productivity for its only a healthy strong man that goes to forest farms and work but in mono crops there is no such thing because they don’t have herbal crops resulting to low productivity as a result of ill health due to lack of medicinal herbs.
Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with food such as vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food
Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
Soil regeneration and restoration: Forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
Protection of the environment: Farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are Mangifera indica and Dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
Nitrogen fixation: In farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient.
Increase in productivity: Forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
Increase Revenue: Farm forestry provides a continuous cycle of economic cropping that provides both short-term and long-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability that leads to increase in income but mono crops do not have crop products that increase economic values but decreases it.
NAME: ADENIYI OLUWASEGUN JOHN
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: u2012/5005037
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
DEPARTMENT: CROP AND SOIL SCIEDNCE
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
ASSIGNMENT ON FARM FORESTRY: IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS, DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING.
Forestry Advantages:--tress act as a large carbon sinking in carbon dioxide out of the green house gasses in the atmosphere.
They can store this carbon in their roots, trunks, branches and leaves for hundred years.
It provide habitats and homes for animals and birds.
with high level of joblessness especially in West Africa, farm forestry is a very reliable and able source of creating jobs more especially in the rural areas. Raising of trees, transporting and processing its massive productions which deals with a particular crop.
Advantages of monocropping.
Helps in counteracting greenhouse effect and global climate change by taking carbon out of the atmosphere and storing it in the form of wood. It filters out harmful UV rays. This is not so in monocropping because in monocropping systems the burning of forests often used to flatten the ground emits an important amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
It improves water quality by slowing the rate at which rainfall runoff flows to rivers and streams and trapping down some of the pollutants that are harmful to water quality.
Forests provide a huge amount of different medicine material. Human health is directly linked with the conservation of forests and all its respects.
It stabilizes the climate in general and accentuates the seasons.
I could go on and on but I would like to conclude by saying that the fewer varieties of crops encourage by monocropping can have a huge impact on the number and types of insect and vertebrate species over time. The UNIFAO has confirmed that over the last 100 years, 75% of the world’s crop varieties have disappeared. There is a huge constraint on biodiversity in the world. These are issues which can be brought to a halt by farm forestry, reforestation and conserving our forests.
treat the whole area the same (same fertilizer, pest control, etc.)
-- fewer kinds of equipment needed
Disadvantages -
-- Diseases and pests spread quickly
-- If that kind of crop doesn't do well in that year's conditions, you are going to lose out. You don't have something else that might be doing well.
Monocropping can attempt to maximaise profit by planting all available land in with the most profitable crop type
Simplicity only needs to follow a single process of plant and entire farm. Crop management is also simplified
Economic of scale( potentially)
Disadvantages
Vulnerability of diseases that affect a particular plant type
Vulnerability to bad weather during critical point of growing season
The land can be potentially be drained of nutrients after a few years without using fertilizers
Vulnerability to adverse market – if the price of the crop tanks, then the farm may be in financial difficulty
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteFarm forestry has numerous advantages as the mother of agriculture that deals with the practice of planting trees on the farm to produce food, timbre, folder or wrapper etc, these advantages are;
Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food
Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
Soil regeneration and restoration: forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
Increase Revenue: farm forestry provides a continuous cycle of economic cropping that provides both short-term and long-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability that leads to increase in income but mono crops do not have crop products that increase economic values but decreases it.
Medicinal Herbs: forest farming provides man with medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Black cohosh, Goldenseal that contributes immensely to good health thereby increasing the level of productivity for its only a healthy strong man that goes to forest farms and work but in mono crops there is no such thing because they don’t have herbal crops resulting to low productivity as a result of ill health due to lack of medicinal herbs.
Protection of the environment: farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are Mangifera indica and Dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
Nitrogen fixation: in farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient.
Increase in productivity: forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteMonoculture in agricultural practice is the growing of a single crop or plant species on a single piece of land. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture end its implementation has allowed for large harvest from minimal labour. Monoculture can lead to the quicker spread of pests & diseases, where a uniform crops susceptible to a pathoga. “crop monoculture” is the practice of growing the same crop year after year.
The term is frequently borrowed for other uses, such as raising one crop species of livestock in a farm, or even in field other them agriculture to describe any group dominated by a single variety.
Forestry. Farm forestry provides the following;
Food: The foods obtained from forest species includes vegetables, fruits,oils and beverages.All this supplies the body with some essential minerals as well as Vitamins.
Forest vegetables includes Okazi(Gnetum africana).e.t.c.
Fruits obtainable from the forest include: African pear(Dacroydes edulis), African star apple(Chrosophyllum albidum), mango(mangifera indica)etc. Oil are obtained from oil palm tree (Elaeis guineenisis) and beverages are obtained from Theobroma cocoa.
Fuel Wook: This is the provision of firewood, wood liquid fuel and charcoal. They are used for generating energy. Charcoal is obtained from the destruction of distillation of wood.
Sawn-Timber: This is used for building and construction etc. and is sold in market for monetary purposes.
PULP AND PAPER: These are very important substances and indispensable. Pulp is obtained by maceration of wood or breaking up of wood into its constituent cell.etc. while paper is a reconstructed wood product.
Medicinal Plants: Some farm forest plant have medicinal values which is used in curing different ailment. These plact include Azadiractha indica etc.
SPICES: some farm forest species are used as spices for adding flavor to our meals. E.g Xylopia aethipica
Dyes and Stains: They produce what is used for body decorations and dyeing of clothes. The leaves of farm forest are also a provision for wild life habitat.
Exudates: Different farm forest species are known to produce exudates which are put into one use or there other. Such exudates include tannins resins, gum, latex, etc. E.g Rubber tree (Hevea brasilliencis) forest species other products includes: sponges, wrapping leaves, wine etc.
Some faunal products are:
Honey: Which is obtained from the honey-bee (Apis-mellifera) honey is nutritious and supplies the body with indispensable materials.
Hides and Skin: This is obtained from wildlife species E.g. Lions, leopards, buffalos, etc used in the leather industry for making bags, belts, shoes etc.
Bush Meat: Farm forests mammals such as cane, rats, antelops, grass cutter etc provides bush meat which are good sources of protein.
The Roots: Roots are rich in nutrition such as nitrogen fixation,carbondioxide releases,etc.
Monocropping only provide the fruit,and no any other thing is beneficial from a monocropping crop. Monocropping dies up after production. E.g maize
NAME: EKPELU PATIENCE
ReplyDeleteFACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
MATRICULATION: U2012/5005035
FARM FORESTRY
This is the growing and use of trees on farm for commercial purposes, forestry grow on farms in combination.
1. It is the habitat where wild animals live and feed.
2. It serves to conserve our water supply.
3. It is used for recreation, such as camping, fishing and hunting.
4. It helps to prevent our environment from desertification and erosion by wind and water.
5. It is a home for herbs used as food and medicine.
6. It’s helps to replenish lost nutrients from the soil.
7. It is a home for trees which provides.
i. Timber for construction.
ii. Pulp for proper making.
iii. Wood for energy.
iv. Sticks for staking agricultural crops
v. Poles for electrical wires.
8. It provides vegetable for consumption e.g Pterocarpus spp.
9. It provides fruits for food and condiments eg Irvirgia gabonensis and Prosopis africana
10 Provides extractives for use as drugs, tannin for curing, leather and exudates for gum production.
Monocropping: Is the growing of only type of crop (such as maize) on a piece of land. It could for a season or several years as in plantation farming. The system is also termed sole cropping.
1. It is risky because crop failure arising from pests, diseases or weather conditions will result in total loss of income to the farmer for that year.
2. It does not afford the farmer a variety of crops.
3. The system encourages the rapid spread of pests and diseases on the farm.
4. Labour may not be efficiently utilized throughout the year.
NAME: AJOGU ESTHER C
ReplyDeleteFACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
MATRICULATION: U2012/5005008
Farm Forestry: Is the practice of planting trees on the farm to produce forage, foods, timber and so on to protect the environment and improve on the living condition around the farm. Trees are multipurpose in nature, we derived so many things from trees such as provision of food for both man and animal eg mango (Magnifera indica), Psidum guajava (Guava) etc we got vegetable from leaves of some trees such as Gnetum Africana (Ukazi), Vernoria amygdalina (Olugbu). Provide habitat and shade level that favor growth and enhance production levels. Some tree are medicinal (bark, leaves and fruits).Provision of wood which is the major product of farm forestry we can get pole which is used for many purpose, timber such as Mellicia elcesa (iroko), sp (mahogany) and Triplochiton Scleroxylon (obeche) which are used for furniture and series as foreign exchange when exported. They serve as shelter windbreak, it combines ecological stability of natural forests and productive agriculture systems, it is considered to have great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods & droughts & cultivating marginal lands. Monocroping involve planting one crop such as yam, maize or rice is cultivated on a piece of land at the same time. It is risky in terms of crops failure. This system may, therefore be likened to one putting all one eggs in one basket which may be lost when the basket fall. There is possibility of exposing the land to erosion after harvest since no other crop will left behind. It also encourages over production of a particular crop which may affect the farmers’ income at the end of the season. It encourages the spread pests and diseases. It does not supply the farmer with all his food requirements.
NAME: JOB MARY OKON
ReplyDeleteDEPT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
MAT NO: U2012/5020015
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1 ASSIGNMENT
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Farm forestry can be defined as the practice of planting trees on the farm to produce food, timber etc. to protect environment and improve on the living condition around the farm and also improve on soil fallow e.g leucaena leucocephala.
It can also be defined as the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes which can boost farm income. Forest can be grown on farms in combination with crops or used for grazing which is referred to as ‘agroforestry’.
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land without practicing crop notation or growing multiple crops on the same land. When a farmer plant only one crop in the same place year after year is referred to as monoculture crops.
1. Effect on soil health: In farm forestry, forest and trees make an essential contribution to food security by helping to maintain the environmental conditions needed for agricultural production. Increase the fertility of the soil by circulating plant nutrients between the top and subsoils. Prevent erosion, enhance the land’s capacity to store water and moderate air and soil temperatures. The ratio at which soil erosion occurs depends critically on the land’s vegetative cover. The ground cover and litter layer beneath the forest canopy are perhaps the best protection that is against erosion and are even more important than trees themselves in preventing erosion. Whereas, in monocropping, planting the same crop in the same place each year zaps nutrients from the earth and leaves soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. Because soil structure and quality is so poor farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizers to encourage plant growth and fruit production. This fertilizer in turn, disrupt the natural make up of the soil and further contribute to nutrient depletion.
2. Effect on crops: Forest trees encourage nutrients recycling in the soil, determine the amount of rainfall by increasing cloud cover and transpiration rate, prevent erosion by reducing the intensity of rain drops by the leaves, speed of wind reduced by stems and even the roots helps to bind the soil together thereby resulting in increasing the supply of forest materials such as ropes, fibres, gum, rubber, dyes and resins etc. which are used for both domestic and industrial purposes. Whereas in monocropping, it is not only plant life that suffers when single crop farming takes place, since they make up the foundation of any ecosystem, a lack of variety in plants can have a huge impact on the number and types of insect and vertebrate species that populate an area. Therefore, this can actually lead to a drop off in yield of crops overtime because such organisms are incredibly important to fertility of the land. Eventually, the famer runs the risk of loosing heavily and of course there is no possibility of compensation.
3. Pest and diseases: Farm forestry has a vital role to play in restoring degraded landscapes and providing ecosystem benefits such as protecting soils and water, carbon capture, creating new industries. Trees help to lower the water table to remediate saline soils, improve water quality and create habitat for native animals and plants. Whereas, monocropping, as the name implies, create the spread of pests and diseases which must be treated with yet more chemicals. The effects of monocropping is severe when pesticides and fertilizers make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution.
NAME: EJIOGU, NORA ADAUGO
ReplyDeleteMAT. NO: U2012/5015022
DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
COURS TITLE AGR 201.1
(ASSIGNMENT)
In not more than 500 words discuss the advantages of farm forestry over monocropping
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high value speciality crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favour growth and enhance production level. In farm forestry non-timber forest products (NTFPS) are harvested from within and on the edges of natural, manipulated, or disturbed forests. Farm forest is considered to have great potentials for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supply, controlling floods and droughts, and cultivating marginal lands. In farm forestry, forest resources are judiciously used while biodiversity and wildlife habit are conserved. Farm forestry has the potential to restore ecological balance to fragmented second growth forests through intentional manipulation to create the desired ecosystem. It can also increase the economic values of forest property and provide short and long term benefits to the land owner.
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. It can damage the soil ecology (including depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients) and provide an unbuffered niche for parasitic species, increasing crop vulnerability to opportunistic insects, plants and micro organisms. Monocropping as an agricultural strategy tends to emphasize the use of expensive specialize farm equipment. This can lead to an increased dependency on fossils fuels and reliance on expensive machinery that cannot be produced locally and may need to be financed. It can lead to the quicker spread of pest and diseases in which an entire crop can be wiped out very quickly by a single opportunistic insects, plants and micro organisms. That is to say farm forestry has more advantages over monocropping because farm forestry can help in preventing erosion, it also improves water quality by slowing the rate at which rainfall runoff flows to rivers and streams and trapping down some of the pollutants that are harmful to water quality. It improves soil quality with windbreaks, conservation tillage, reforestation and recycling of soil nutrients through the shedding of leaves and seed. Onlike, monocropping where the burning of forest often used to flatten the ground which emits amount of carbondioxide into the atmosphere. It has been recognized to be very hard on the environment and actually less profitable than farm forestry.
NAME: WOPUA SUDUM AGNES
ReplyDeleteDEPT: AGRIC ECONOMICs AND EXTENSION
MAT. NO: U2012/5015039
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1 (ASSIGNMENT)
Farm forestry is the practice different species of crop/plant trees on the farm to produce food, timber , improve living condition where as mono cropping has to do with the cultivation of the single crop specie over a wide area of land for a large number of consecutive years. Farm forestry has the following advantage over monocropping
1. Monocropping can lead to a faster spread of diseases and pests as the same specie of crop is cultivated and being a uniform crop, they are susceptible to a particular pathogen which will lead to a mass destruction of crops and increased loss to farmers where as in farm forestry, a disease that affects a particular plant may not have effect on the rest of the crops.
2. Planting of the same species crops on the farm year after year bring about competition among plants as the plants thrive for little available nutrient in the soil where as in farm forestry competition is less as different crops absorb different nutrients at different rate from the soil and this supports the principle that say that deep rooted crops should be planted before shallow rooted crops which enhance the availability of nutrient in the soil.
3. Farm forestry helps to prevent soil erosion and water logging caused by water and wind. The canopy provided by the leaves helps to reduce the rate of evaporation of water from soil there by making water available to plant.
4. Farm forestry provide, a habitat for various plant particularly in case of tropical rain forest with the presence of many different plant species. It preserve these plants and product them from being exploited which is absent in monocropping. farm forestry has many different species that help to balance the gasses in the atmosphere or purify the environment these plants take in carbondioxide during photosynthesis and breathes out oxygen require for animal respiration.
5. Farm forestry has multiple benefit which can come from forest trees unlike in monocropping where only one types of crop is harvested. Products from farm forestry fit into these categories (medicinal, diary supplement, edible fruits, floral and also decorative or specialty wood based products
6. The use of fertilizer in monocropping, disrupt the natural make up of the soil and contribute further to depletion of nutrients. It also creates the spread of pest and disease that must be treated with chemicals. These chemicals make their way into the ground water or became airborne and result in environmental pollution.
7. Forest farm improves water quality by slowing the rate at which rainfall runoff flows to rivers, stream.
8. Farm forestry serve as windbreaks, conservation of tillage, recycling of nutrient through leaf shedding, reforestation of seriously eroding farmland unlike in monocropping where the reliance on pesticide, fungicide, insecticide deplete plant nutrient as these chemical become toxic to plants roots.
9. Farm forestry provides job opportunity for people that are being employed to manage the farm.
ASSIGNMENT ON: ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteMonocropping is the practice of growing a single crops or plants year after
year on the same piece of land, on the other hand, Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Some of the advantages over farm forestry are listed below;
Increase Revenue: Farm forestry provides a continuous cycle of economic cropping that provides both short-term and long-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability that leads to increase in income but mono crops do not have crop products that increase economic values but decreases it.
Erosion Prevention: The incorporation of large species of tress into the farming system provides the benefits of having roots in the soil around. While in monocropping systems when the primary crops are harvested the root died and the field and the field fallow for the winter period, washing away the soil organic matter of the topsoil. But in farm forestry the roots of the tree that surround the primary crops hold the soil in places during and after harvest, thus allows for ground moisture level to remain regular, thereby reducing soil degradation and erosion.
Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
Medicinal Herbs: Forestry or farm forest farming provides man with medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Black cohosh, Goldenseal that contributes immensely to good health thereby increasing the level of productivity for its only a healthy strong man that goes to forest farms and work but in mono crops there is no such thing because they don’t have herbal crops resulting to low productivity as a result of ill health due to lack of medicinal herbs.
Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with food such as vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food.
Soil regeneration and restoration: Forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
Protection of the environment: Farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are Mangifera indica and Dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
Nitrogen fixation: In farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient.
Increase in productivity: Forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
NAME: ABRAHAM BARIAGARA GBENEBIA
ReplyDeleteDEPT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
MAT.NO: U2012/5020019
COURSE TITLE: AGR 201.1 (ASSIGNMENT)
Forest farming cultivates high value specialty crops under a forest canopy intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade level and habitat that favor growth and enhance production levels. Forest farms have the potential to restore ecological balance to fragmented second growth forests through intentional manipulation to create the desired forest ecosystem. Forest farming increases economic value of forest property and provide short and long-term benefits to the landowner. Forest farming also help in medicinal aspect of life as many forest trees are used in treating diverse diseases. In monocropping, there is quick spread of disease pests and if a crop did not do well in that year’s condition, then there will be total loss to the disadvantage of the farmer. Also, in monocropping the soil fertility declines leading to poor yield of crop since there is continuous planting on a particular piece of land but in forest farming, the soil fertility is not lost as the dead animals and litter from trees decays and add more value to the soil. Also, forest farming aids in environmental and atmospheric balance, hence, eliminates excess carbon (iv) oxide from the environment and prevents global warming. In monocropping, erosion may occur on the soil surface because rain drop falls directly on the soil surface but in forest farming, the tree canopies help in reducing direct rain drop on the soil, surface thereby preventing soil erosion to some extent. Forest farming also provide shelter to animals and sometime security to some smaller animals as it act as shade from rain, sum and other higher animal.
In monocropping, most crops are planted for food consumption while in farm forestry, tree are used for various purposes such as food, medicine, fuel, shelter, to mention but a few. Forest farming also help in protecting watershed, underground water being regulated and sedimentation of reservoir and siltation of streams and lakes are prevented when leaves of tree drop as rainwater falls on the leaf, litters giving it time to seep underground. Forest farming also purify the air through the release of oxygen. Also, in forest farming, the problem of desertification is prevented as forest act as shelter belts. Monocropping is not used for game but in forest farming, wild animals are used for game-viewing.
ASSIGNMENT ON: ADVANTAGE OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteFarm forestry is the incorporation of commercial tree growing and management by farmers into farming systems for the production of both wood and non-wood products, increasing agricultural productivity and encouraging sustainable natural resource management.
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the absence rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the common crops often grown using monocropping techniques.
Farm forestry has the potential to benefit forest industries by proving a much needed land resource for joint venture programs and by contributing to regional wood flows.
THE ADVANTAGES THAT FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING ARE LISTED BELOW;
Economic Benefits:
a. Increase production of both quality saw logs and short rotation pulpwood crops
b. Provides a larger supply base
c. Increased quality of resources
d. Shade loving plant such as mushroom, ginseng and goldenseal can be grown in the forest and provides short farm crop income for the landowner.
Environmental Benefits:
a. Diversity the resource base
b. Integrated forest resources with agriculture, creating sustainable land use.
c. Farm forestry improves agricultural production by providing shelter for stock and crops it also provides environmental benefit such as water table and salinity reduction.
d. Farm forest reduces both the concentration of nitrate and the quality of water draining groundwater to arable and intensively managed pasture.
e. Farm forest can achieve the objectives of enhancing the number and types of species of living creatures within the forest ecosystem and the production of quality commercial timber.
Social Benefits:
a. Its improved profile of forest industries with both rural and urban communities as provides of sustainably produced products.
b. Expansion of small business sector of forest industries in the rural community.
MONOCOPPING: Is controversial, as it can damage soil ecology and provides an increasing crop vulnerability to opportunistic insects, plants and microorganisms. Under certain circumstances monocropping can lead to deforestation.
NAME: ORDUKWU MERCY .EVERECHI.
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
MATRIC NO: U2012/5020027
ASSIGNMENT
IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS WRITE THE ADVANTAGES FORESTRY HAS OVER MONO CROPPING.
ECOLOGICAL QUALITIES:
The development of forestry culture on farmlands represents a true process of forest conversions, as cultivated forests are established on former forest lands because of the particular silviculture patterns and management option, however this process of forest conversions to enable reversion to a real forest (to forest structures and function) in a more significant way than any conventional process of a forest plantation. this translate into important ecological qualities.
Ecological studies in forresasia and former IRD projects have given much room to the discussion of the role of smallholder forest culture for the conversion of biodiversity. these discussion have tried to emphasis the various aspects of the link that exists in these systems between conversion and production. zoological advantages of smallholder forest culture come from the "forest preference" expressed in the management practices. the forest preferences allows an optimum combination between intensification of the production of selected products (as in mono crop plantation) and restoration of the ecological qualities of a natural forest, including important conversion aspects. the ranking feature of smallholder forest plantations in that plants established through natural mechanisms of dispersion and germination are not considered 'weeds' and wild animals wandering in the cultivated forest are not thought of as 'pests' but are clearly and deliberately integrated as true components of the system. unlike useful species that farmers introduce through planting in the cultivated forest, these spontaneous components may or may not have an economic interest. but they always have an essential ecological role. from a strict environmental point of view, smallholder forset cultute does not constitute an irreversible change or an ecological revolution as it restores the formerly prevailing forest environment qualities, the conversion of this ecological integrity constitutes the foundation of most of the cultivated forest qualities. it is vital from other, non-environmental perspectives as well as it allows for low-cost production, simple establishment and maintenance, diverse economic benefits, flexibility and adaptability to changing conditions and the maintenance of social integrity.
1) Reliance on low-cost technology and simple techniques that all shifting
cultivators in buries tropical countries have at their disposal, including
local species that farmers can easily propagate. this approach is in
contrast to the genetically altered plant materials of large scale plantations, reproduce of which involves a high level of technology.
2) knowledge based on local wisdom shared by all farmers. the pure
technical skills required for the maintenance of smallholder forests are
much less important that basic ecological and plant knowledge, which
is usually well shared among local communities, where as industrial
forestry relies on specialized technical and scientific knowledge.
3) small scale operations, small holder forest culture is always practiced
on a small scale. some of the forest cultivated by small hold farmers
do cover huge areas (more than 2 million has of small holder rubber
gardens in sumara).
NAME: ORUH PAULINE O.
ReplyDeleteDEPT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
COURSE TITLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
MAT NO: U2008/5005227
ASSIGNMENT ON AGR 201.1
Farm forest: This is the growing and use of trees for commercial purposes. Forest grown on farms in combination of with crops or used for grazing is referred to as ‘agroforestry. Mono cropping: it is the practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. it is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvest from minimal labor. The advantages farm forest (agroforestry) has over mono cropping is as follow; As an important form of land sustainability Contributing to effective land use and sustainability of the land it is a form of agriculture which produces goods and services while continuing to protect the natural resource base (soil), while mono cropping which widely encourages excessive soil erosion is inefficient and obviously not sustainable. It blends production with protection It concerns resiliency, diversity, and avoid negative side effects and focus on holistic approach to land management. Fuel wood, pools, timber and fodder are farm forest products often solely needed by rural people. Trees also moderate the micro climate, protect the soil, provide shade to livestock and enhance crop production by reducing the effect of wind on crops. It can improve land resiliency (helping the soil to return to its original shape after been deformed by mono cropping). Because farm forest system have more than one production component and are structurally and functionally complex, they tend to be more resilient than most mono cropping system. It can reduce adverse environmental impacts by creating mutually beneficial land uses both on site and off site by increase soil conservation, preventing evapotranspiration of crops, surface runoff and increased infiltration. Agroforestry is more diverse than mono cropping.A diversity of species often reduces the susceptibility of any one component to pests. Unlike mono cropping which leads too quicker spread of pest and diseases where a uniform crop is more susceptible to a particular pathogen. By combining woody perennials with forge and food crops, marginal areas that are too fragile for sustainable, intensive mono cropping systems can produce food, forage, and wood crops. Tree products provide income for farmers when drought or hailstorms has destroyed annual crops, this extends the farms survival until better conditions return. Some tree species fix atmospheric nitrogen and add it to the soil thereby improving mono cropping. Tress absorb nutrients and pesticides that otherwise would enter streams, lakes, or groundwater systems, adding environmental and economic benefits. Because tree are perennials, farmers have the flexibility in deciding when to harvest them, thus trees can generate income or provide savings for later. Farm forest practices can help farms cope with uncertainties of drought, frost, pest and other phenomenon that can lead to serious mono crop failure, farm forest (agroforestry) can enhance farmer’s financial security while providing environmental security to the society
NAME: CHIORLU OBUNEZI JESSICA
ReplyDeleteFACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
COURSE CODE: AGR201.1
MAT.NO: U2012/5010017
QUESTION: DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING. IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS.
Farm forestry can be defined as the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. It is also the cultivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production levels.
Monocropping refers to the practice of growing only one type of agricultural product on a large or small piece of land year after year. In monocropping, planting of just one type of crop every year zaps nutrient from the earth and leave the soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. Because soil structure and quality is so poor, farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizers to encourage plant growth and fruit production. These fertilizers in turn, disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and contribute further to nutrient depletion. Monocropping also create the spread of pest and diseases, which must be treated with yet more chemicals. The effects of monocropping on the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizers make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution.
In farm forestry, variety of plant or crops are scattered all over in the forest. This makes farm forestry to have a lot of advantages over monocropping. Farm forestry helps in the purification of air we breathe as humans, the conversion of oxygen into carbon dioxide (which happens inside our body) is known as respiration. The carbon dioxide that we breathe is absorbed by the trees and plant which then convert it back to oxygen in a process called photosynthesis. Plant and trees found in the forest also provides us with lots of important ingredients of many modern day medicines. Essential amount of ingredient for medicines are taking from tropical plants, as well as possible hundreds of others that are yet to be discovered. These unknown substances could provide us with cures for diseases such as cancer, HIV, Ebola etc. farm forestry helps to control soil erosion, provide fuel wood, break the force of wind, thereby preventing the removal of top soil particles, it also offers shelter to various animals, it helps to maintain ecological balance. It provides materials for rubber, paper industry etc. and helps control global warming.
Because of these advantages or importance, human health and possible the continuation of our species is directly linked to the conservation of our forest.
NAME: EBENEZER BELIEVE SAMUEL
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5020028
DEPT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
COURSE TITLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
Advantages of farm forestry over monocropping
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is internally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favour growth and enhance production levels while monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop type your after year on the same parcel of land.
Farm forestry has a large number of advantages over monocropping. The advantages are given below:
1. Farm forestry creates room for various crops to be planted. The crops include tress that are of great economic importance to be planted. The crops include tress that are of great economic importance like timber which is used for foreign exchange while monocropping involves the growing of only one types of crop which is meant for family consumption, that is food for man.
2. Farm forestry prevents soil erosion because of the formation of forest litters that cover the bare ground and the roots of various tree crops hold the soil particles together while monocropping is susceptible to soil erosion because the soil is exposed to rain and this might cause washing away of the soil.
3. Planting the same crop type in the same piece of land (monocropping) zaps nutrients from the soil and leaves the soil weak and unable to support healthy growth of plant crops while farm forestry makes it possible for different crop/plant types to grow together and this brings about increase in soil nutrients making the soil to be richer than the one on which monocropping is practiced.
4. Forest farming generate more income for a forest farmer because different varieties of crops/raw materials can be gotten from forest products e.g. timber, which is used to make furniture, hides and skin for making leather and animals for food production for man (meat) while monocropping cannot provide these materials because only one crop type is involved here and if the crop is seasonal, the farmer will have to wait till the next season before cultivation can be done and this will make the income level of the farmer to be low.
5. Forest farming provides shade for animals because of the presence of different species of tress including tress with large branches but monocropping does not provide shade because crops that are planted in the process of monocropping are mostly grass-like plants e.g. wheat.
NAME: BASIL IFEOMA JULIET
ReplyDeleteMATRICULATION NUMBER: U2012/5015005
DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC AND EXTENSION
COURSE CODE: ASSIGNMENT ON AGR 201.1
LECTURER’S NAME: DR U.D CHIMMA
ASSIGNEMENT
TITLE: THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORETRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING
Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farm for commercial purpose while monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land.
The advantages that the farm forestry has over monocropping is as follows:
Trees provide many products including food for human and animals, timbers, fuel and medicine.
Trees can supply timber to the forest industry from private land
Trees not only provide products, they also protects the environment and improve the living condition around the farm.
Trees help cleanse the air by intercepting airborne particles, reducing heat and absorbing such pollutants as carbon monoxide. It removes the air pollution by lowering air temperature, through respiration and retaining particulates.
Farm forestry provides multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long-term proposition. Tree can provide shade and shelter stock wind-break for crops, prevent erosion of soil, can improve water quality and create habitats for native animals and plants, trees on farm are also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a property.
Farm forestry resources are judiciously used and have the potential to restore ecological balance to fragmented second growth forests through intentional manipulation to create the desired forest ecosystem.
Farm forestry is seen as a dynamic ecologically based natural resources management system that through the integration of trees on farm and in the agricultural landscape, diversities and sustain production for increased social economic and environmental benefits for land users at all levels.
It is not the scale,the planting pattern, the species or the purpose of a forest that makes it a “farm forest” or “agroforest” it is the ownership, not just ownership of the land or the trees, but ownership of the decision to do it and how it is done.
NAME: IKPE DORATHY OGOCHUKWU
ReplyDeleteDEPT: AGRIC ECONS/ EXTENSION
MAT NO: U2012/5015020
COURSE: AGR 201.1 ASSIGNMENTS
LECTURER: DR CHIMA U.D
THE ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Farm cropping is the growing of different trees in the farm for commercial purpose. Trees also provide products, protect the environment and improve the living condition around a farm. Trees help cleanse the air by intercepting airborne particles reducing heat and absorbing such pollutants as carbon monoxide sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide .It removes the air pollution by lowering air temperature through respiration and by retaining particulates. Farm forestry help to improve water quality by reducing the rate of which rainfall run off flows to rivers and stream and trapping down some of the pollutant that are harmful to water. It serve a source of provision of timber which can be used in the construction of building chairs, table, and also used as a cooking firewood. It can also provide leafs and roots that can be used in medicine to human health.
Forest provides shadows thereby providing the forest with cool breeze that can help in bringing down temperature of the land. A Forest filter out harmful UV rays which is not possible in monocropping because in monocropping system, the burning of forest often is used to flatten the ground emits an important amount of carbon dioxide into atmosphere. Forest help in recycling and replenishing loss of nutrients from soil which might have been caused by growing a particular area over some time (monocropping) which can lead to loss of nutrients it provide multiple benefits to farmers making hem an attractive long-term proposition. Trees provide shades and shelters for stock, wind-breaks for crops, prevent erosion to the soil and create habitats for native animals and plants. Farm trees can also attract and improve aesthetic appeal of a property.
Finally, forestry is seen as a dynamic ecologically based natural resources management system that through the integration of trees of farms and in the agricultural landscape, diversities and sustained production for increased social economic and environmental benefits for land users at all levels.
NAME: OWHOR PATIENCE NWEREKA
ReplyDeleteMAT No: U2012/5020007
DEPT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
COURSE TITLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE.
ASSIGNMENT:
IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS, DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES OF FARM FOREST HAS OVER MONE CROPPING.
Farm forestry is the planting of different types of trees or crops of different species. While monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same piece of land.
Monocropping encourages the attack of pest and diseases due to the fact that a particular types of crop is being cultivated.
The advantages farm forestry has over monocropping is that farm forestry deals with the management system that combines trees with crop or livestock, or both on the same piece of land.
Disadvantage of monocropping farming, planting the same crop in the same place each year can cause nutrient depletion.
In farm forestry, the trees planted helps in creating a canopy which helps in preventing soil erosion caused by water and wind.
NAME: ECHENDU JANE CHINUMEZI
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
MAT. NO: U2012/5005007
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT
DISCUSS ON THE ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONO-CROPPING IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS.
Farm forestry is the practice of growing, cultivating or planting trees on the farm that is intentionally modified or maintained for commercial purposes or to provide food, timber, paper, shade and habitat to protect the environment, enhance production level, provide food for man and protect the farm around us.
Mono-cropping is an agricultural practice in which the same type of crop is planted on the same piece of land year after year, without practicing crop rotation.
Farm forestry has many advantages over mono-cropping in the sense that it encompasses a range of cultivated systems which enhances marketability and sustainable production of existing plants, whereas mono-cropping makes use of just one type of cultivating system and this contributes to the proliferation of crop pests and diseases and this reduces the crop marketability.
Farm forestry combines ecological stability of natural resources thereby regenerating the soil, controls flood and restore ground water, while mono-cropping involves scrapping up of the top soil which removes nutrient from the soil and also depletes the soil as the plant will strip the soil off the nutrient it needs and this will force farmers to use fertilizers of chemicals which can disturb the natural balance of the soil.
Farm forestry provides man with diverse crops ranging from edible, medicinal, floral or decorative crops, which gives man wide varieties to choose from whereas mono-cropping offers just one type of crop and lives man with nothing to choose from.
The practice of mono-cropping is dangerous because when natural disaster or shifting weather devastate a crop, the result could be catastrophic; but in farm forestry where diverse trees are grown, the rate at which a natural disaster will occur will be minimal because trees serve as wind break which can reduce wind.
Farm forestry can boost farm income via the sale of pulp wood, cultivation of timber and non-timber products, provide jobs to people in terms of tending of trees, thereby ensuring the overall productivity of the farmer, while the farmer just makes money via the crop with no additional income in mono-cropping.
Farm forestry provides habitat for wild life, the root of trees help in carbon segmentation, soil aeration, improvement of soil structure, nutrient pumping/recycling, restore ecological balance via intentional manipulation to create the desired forest eco-system, increase the economic value of forest property and provide short and long term benefits to the land owner.
Trees help to prevent erosion, help in demarcation and also serves as food production ranging from vegetables, fruits, nuts, medicines, spices, pulp and paper.
Farm forestry methods are characterized by four I’s (Intentional, Integrated, Intensive and Interactive), which makes it a better choice over mono-cropping.
NAME: NGOR ROSE
ReplyDeleteDEPT: AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
MAT NO: U2012/5015001
COURSE: AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT ON
IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING
Monocropping deals with growing a single crop year after year on the same land. Due to this fact it can damage soil ecology which includes depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrient and provide an unbuffered niche for parasitic species, increase crop vulnerability to opportunistic insects, plants and microorganism which results in fragile ecosystem with an increased dependency on pesticide and artificial fertilizers which yield the production in short term food, while farm forestry focuses on cultivating trees and other high values crops which it’s canopy when maintained provide shade, produce timbers, produce useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding program, conserves environmental health by balancing gasses, increase economic value of forestry property, prevent wind breaks for crops, prevent erosion of soil, help lower the water table to remediate saline soils, improved water quality, create habitats for native animals and plants and improve aesthetic appeal of a property.
Without farm forestry man’s existence will be at stake, with the above mention reasons alongside the fact that, when there is erosion the soil nutrient will be wash out and the chances of survival would be very few. In order words, farm forestry is most preferred to monocropping.
NAME: OKWA EFE QUINCY
ReplyDeleteDEPT:AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
MAT NO: U2012/5015018
COURSE CODE: AGR201.1
Mono-cropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same farm land in the absence of rotation through other crop or growing multiple crops on the same land.
Mono-cropping can damage the soil ecology and provide an unbuffered niche for parasitic species, increasing crop vulnerability to opportunistic insect, plant and micro-organisms. Mono-cropping as an agricultural practice tends to use expensive specialized farm equipment which lead to an increased dependency on fossil fuel. Expensive machinery that cannot be produced locally and may need to be financed,it can make a significant change in the economics of farming in regions that are accustomed to self-sufficiency in agricultural production. Mono-cropping can lead to deforestation.
Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes.farm forestry can supply timber to the forest industry.
Farm forestry can provide a multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long term proposition, tress help lower the water table to re mediate saline soils, they help in soil erosion, tress on farms are also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a property.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Farm forestry has more than one production component and are structurally and functionally complex, they tend to be more resilient than most mono-cropping system which include;
1.Windbreak help to sustain crops by conserving soil moisture for them during windy dry and period otherwise will destroy single crops
2. Tree fodder is available as substitute for hay and native forage during extended periods of drought
3. A diversity of species often reduces the susceptibility of any one component pest
4. Tree products provide income for farmers when drought and hail storms have destroyed annual crops. This extends the farmers survival until better conditions return.
5. By combining woody perennial with forage and food crops, marginal areas that are too fragile for sustainable intensive mono-cropping system will be improved.
6. Adding trees to cropping system can increase soil conservation.
7. Some trees species fix atmospheric nitrogen and add it to the soil, improving crop production.
The importance of farm forestry over mono-cropping cannot be over emphasized.
Farm forestry is better than mono-cropping in the following ways-
ReplyDeleteIn farm forestry different species of very valuable crops are cultivated unlike in mono cropping where there is only one specie of crop cultivated.
Farm forestry serves different purposes for man than mono cropping and some of these purposes are :-
* Different types of medicinal herbs which is very important in the health of man and also it provides food,timber which is the main source of man's furniture, provides honey which is gotten from bees in the forest. Dyes and stains which can also be used for decoration by man.
* Farm forestry also adds natural fertilizers to the soil due to the decay of fallen leaves and also dead animals but in mono cropping, artificial fertilizers which are high in nitrogen content are used, which in most cases burns the soil and makes it uncomfortable for living organisms.
* In farm forestry, soil erosion could easily be controlled during rainfall by trees which fall in the emergent layer by forming strong and close canopy to prevent direct rainfall on the soil.
* In farm forestry, the different species of plant and wild life can serve as a tourist site for man and the bigger species of trees serves as habitat for small species of trees.
* Farm forestry can prevent desert encroachment due to the presence of big trees such as mahogany,khaya species which serves as wind breakers.
* Farm forestry is also one of the reasons why wild species of plants and animals are still in existence till date because of the wise use of the forest.
Name: EZEGBUGHA TOBECHUKWU CYNTHIA
ReplyDeleteMat number: U2012/5015024
Department: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
In not more than 500 words, discuss the advantages forestry has over mono cropping
Forestry can be defined as the practice of planting trees to produce food, timber, fodder etc. It protects the environment and improves on the farm condition of the farm. The advantages of forest trees are so numerous.
Mono cropping on the other hand is the cultivation of a single type of crop in a large piece of land.
The following are the advantages forestry has over mono cropping.
1. PROVISION OF FOOD: forestry provides us with food like vegetables, fruits, nuts etc. Trees like Chrysophylum alibidum provide succulent and sweet fruits which are rich in vitamins and other essential minerals.
2. PROVISION OF TIMBER AND PULPWOOD: forest trees provide timber which is used in the manufacture of furniture and pulp for paper making. This timber can also gain foreign exchange earnings through their exportation.
3. SERVES AS WINDBREAK: forest trees serve as wind break. It also shields the soil from much wind which can lead to wind erosion. This is so because of their large sizes which blocks the wind from having a direct effect and prevents desert encroachment.
4. PREVENTION OF EROSION: forests trees helps to prevent water erosion by the of their wild roots which sprouts at the top of the soil. This roots help to reduce the intensity of water flow which would have an adverse effect on the soil by carrying or movement of soil particles. It does this through the interception of rain.
5. HABITAT FOR WILD ANIMALS: The forest serves as home for the various wild animals on earth. The forest also sustains them in terms of food provision for the animals and also protects them from adverse heat of the sun by their canopy-cover trees. These animals in return produce hides and skins which is a raw material for the leather and tanning industry.
6. TOURUST ATTRACTION: forest serves as a form of tourist attraction through the establishment of national parks and game reserve. It generates revenue for the federal and state government through the attraction tourist from other countries who come to explore the wonders of nature.
7. FOR EMPLOYMENT: forestry generates employment for people ranging from forest guards, forest conservationists, teachers etc. this improves their standard of living.
8. PURIFICATION OF THE AIR: forest trees help to purify the air through its photosynthetic activities. The harmful carbon dioxide which is emitted by animals during respiration and other sources such as fuel combustion are used up by these trees and in turn produce oxygen. It also reduces atmospheric pollution through photosynthesis and other activities of trees are the major ways carbon dioxide and other green-house gases are removed from the atmosphere.
In conclusion, other advantages of forest trees include improvement of soil aeration, helps for improved fallow, nitrogen fixation, provision of medicine etc.
The advantages of forestry over mono cropping are too numerous to mention. Mono cropping advantages are just the seeds produced from the said crop and this is very small or minor compared to that of forestry. That is why forestry is indeed the mother of agriculture.
NAME: NWOZIRI, CHIOMA HENRIETTA
ReplyDeleteDEPT: Agricultural Economics and Extension
MAT NO: U2012/5015019
COURSE CODE: AGR201.1
DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING
Forestry can be defined as the art and science of managing and growing trees in the forest in order to provide food, shelter and clothing and also to improve and enhance the environment for man.
Monocropping is the act of growing a single crop over a wide area of land at a particular time. Forestry has a more advantage over monocropping in diverse ways. These ways include:
1 Provision of Raw Materials: Forestry deals with the cultivation of many beneficial trees for raw materials in the industry like timber, pulp, glues, Waxes, Gums, non timber forest products, etc. The forest trees that can be used as raw materials include Obeche, Sapele, Mahogamy, Iroko, etc.
2 Beautification of the Environment: Trees are often the symbols used to represent the environment. In plants; the colour green is the adjective to define general environmentalism.
3 Purification of the Atmosphere: Plants in the forest play a major role in purifying the air. During respiration, they absorb carbondioxide and release oxygen to the atmosphere thereby preventing air pollution
4 Provision of Medicinal Herbs: Azadirachta indica can be used to cure malaria. Some of the products in the forest can also be used to cure other diseases like cancer, therefore the health status of man can be improved through the forest where as monocropping does not create room for the provision of medicinal herbs as only one single crop can be grown.
5 Forest also serve as a home for wild animals like lions, tiger, kangaroo, Hynea, Leopard, Zebra etc and it prevents them from extinction. These animals provide hides and skin for industries and also for the use of man.
6 Creation of Employment: Forests create employment for people ranging from the forest guards, saw Millers to the forests lawyers. It can also serve as a source of foreign exchange to the country. Timber trees like Obeche, Iroko, Mahogamy etc, can be exported from country to country thereby creating income to a country.
7 Prevention of Erosion: Forest trees serve as wind break thereby preventing wind erosion and desert encroachment also in soil erosion. The intensity of rain drops is reduced by the leaves, the stems reduce the speed of wind and the roots help to bind the soil together.
8 It also serves as a centre for tourist attraction where people can learn about forest and its uses.
9 Forest stabilizes the climate in general by recycling the nutrients through shedding of leaves and seeds. They also regulate the water cycle by absorbing and redistributing rain water equally to every species living within its range thus increasing the fertility of the soil and its structure as well.
10 Provision of Food: Some forest products such as magnifera indica,
gnetum africana, chrysophylum albidum etc can serve as a source of food for man. Some can be eaten raw.
CONCLUSION
Forestry has much advantage over monocropping in many diverse ways as it is the mother of agriculture and sets a pace for all other agricultural practices.
NAME: DITORU-MUJE BELOWEI
ReplyDeleteFACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
MAT NO: U2012/5010019
Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees for commercial purposes. Forest grown on farms in combination of with crops or used for grazing is referred to as ‘agroforestry’.
On the other hand, monocropping is the practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years.it is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvest from minimal labor.
Farm forestry is advantageous compel to monocropping because it can supply timber to the forest
industry from trees. Farm forests can provide multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long term proposition. Trees can provide shade and shelter for stock, wind-breaks for crops, prevent erosion of soil, help lower the water table to remediate saline soils, can improve water quality, and create habitats for native animals and plants.
Trees on farms are also attractive and can improve the Good management plans include consideration of future conditions of the stand after any recommended harvest treatments including future treatments and plans for natural or artificial regeneration after final harvests. Plans instruct the sustainable harvesting and replacement of trees. Foresters consider tree felling and environmental legislation when developing plans and that is not the case in monocropping.The climax vegetation of the humid tropics in high forest, produces the greatest sustainable rate of biomass formation. It captures all solar radiation year-round by virtue of the different layers of foliage. The layers of leaves, twigs and branches absorb the incoming energy of tropical rainstorms, thus protecting the so aesthetic appeal of a property.
It blends production with protection and It concerns resiliency, diversity, and avoid negative side effects and focus on holistic approach to land management. Fuel wood, pools, timber and fodder are farm forest products often solely needed by rural people. Trees also moderate the micro climate, protect the soil, provide shade to livestock and enhance crop production by reducing the effect of wind on crops.
Earnings from farm forestry add diversity to farm incomes and can provide a buffer against
cyclical downturns in prices of other farm products such as wool and meat. Harvesting can be deferred or brought forward to provide income when it is most needed. Some growers use investment in longer rotation tree crops as a kind of superannuation.
Because tree are perennials, farmers have the flexibility in deciding when to harvest them, thus trees can generate income or provide savings for later. Farm forest practices can help farms cope with uncertainties of drought, frost, pest and other phenomenon that can lead to serious mono crop failure, farm forest (agroforestry) can enhance farmer’s financial security while providing environmental security to the society.
NAME; CHUKWU, CHIZIA CHRISTIANA
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
MAT NO: U2012/5005006
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
QUESTION:
IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONO CROPPING.
Farm forestry is the activity of planting trees to produce for timber, fruits etc to protect the environment and improve on the living conditions of the farm .
Definition of Mono Cropping
Mono cropping is the high yield agricultural practice of growing a single crop Year after year on the same land.
What is farm forestry? Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms commercial purposes. Forest grow on farms in combination with crops or used for grazing is referred to as Agro forestry.
PURPOSES OF FARM FORESTRY:
Farm forestry can supply timber to the forest industry from private land. Farm forests can provide multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long preposition. Trees can provide shade and shelter for stock wind break for crops prevent erosion of soil, it also help lower the water table to remediate saline soils.
It can also improve water quality and create habitats for native animals and plants. Tress on farm is attractive and improves the aesthetic appeal of a property.
PRINCIPLES OF FORESTRY
Forest principles constitute a ecological approach to forest management. Forest resources are judiciously used while biodiversity and wildlife habitats are conserved. it has the potential to restore ecological balances to fragmented second growth forest through intentional manipulation to create the desired forest ecosystem.
ROLE OF FORESTRY:
Trees are essential to life on earth; it sustains life by combing sunlight, water, nutrients and carbon dioxide to produce wooding biomass and release oxygen that supports all life. Forestry is the practical application of scientific, economic and social principles used in the establishment and management of forests.
It encompasses the management of natural forest and woodlands, plantations and various combinations of trees and agriculture known as farm forestry. The parishioners of forest and plantation management are known as forest scientists of foresters.
Forestry is unique in its long-term focus on the sustainability of tree dominated ecosystem
Economically, in mono cropping different types of crops use different nutrients in the soil. If a single crops is grow year after year, the soil becomes useless but if crops rotated nutrients have a chance to be replenished.
Also, mono cropping leads to higher productivity per hecter and the control of weed is easy because herbicides can be used. It also encourages the rapid spread of pests and diseases on the farm which does not yield much profit because the land allowed relishing the lost nutrients and pest also reduce the level of productivity.
Farm forestry is the mother of agriculture and is of a great help to the individual, and government in general. Forest also serve as a shade over wild animal , it also provides us with timber products such as tooth pick, chewing stick, it serves as a machine to human health, some of the produce are converted to furniture.
IN CONCLUSION:
Farm forestry is of high benefit to man, government, economy and it serves as a medium of foreign exchange. Mono cropping on the other hand is limited & does not encourage high level of productivity.
Advantages of farm forestry over monocropping includes; 1. Forest helps 2 improve the air quality by lowering the temperature, it also help in filtering dust, helps in absorbing carbonmoxide, sulpur, and nitrogen oxides,there by releasing oxygen which is not so in monocropping. 2. In monocropping elimination of forest is done for the purpose of planting, this practice kills most soil animals that are important and also cause reduction in biodiversity over period a period of time but in farm forestry,it provides habitat for life to flourish. Forest posses the highest level of biodiversity, which therefore give rise 2 d highest genes reservoir. 3. Farm forestry helps to improve soil quality, recycling of soil nutrients through shedding of leaves and seeds wildly(naturally, not carried out by man) unlike in monocrpping where cultivation of a single crop depletes the soil nutrients, and its depends on pesticides and fertiliser application for good crop yield.4. Forest provide a variety of medicinal materials 4 man, dis can be considered as one of the reasons 4 forest conservation. This is nt so wit monocropping. 5. Farm forestrY improves water quality by limiting or slowing the rate at wich rainwater flow into streems and rivers and helps in removing some of the pollutant that are harmful, it is nt so in monocropping.
ReplyDeleteDEPT : AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS AND EXT.
DeleteDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U/2012/5015034
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production.
While, Monocropping is an agricultural practice is an agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same piece of land.
Farm forestry and mono-cropping have their different advantages and disadvantages. But looking at the advantages of farm forestry over mono-cropping. Taking a few sub headings.
EROSION: Erosion is the washing away of the soil surface either by water, wind and man’s activities. Unlike monocropping were there may be no covering for the soil to prevent the soil from erosion or water logging. In farm forestry the forest has a “canopy” structure comprising of the upper layer, middle layer, and lower layer. That prevents water or wind from coming in direct contact with the soil. The water is first absorbed by the leaves on various layers before it gets to the soil. There by, reducing erosion and water logging. The thickness of the forest also prevents wind erosion.
FINANCIAL VALUE: In monocropping the farmer produces only one kind of crop that may not generate many funds to sustain the farmer. But, in farm forestry funds can be generated by various means. Examples are sales of livestock, timber and non timber products, by-products from the forest produces can also be sold to generate funds. Forest farming can also add financial value to the farmer if he conserves lands that have already forested, conserved lands that are kept for game reserve and national parks to the used as tourist sites.
PRODUCTION CAPACITY: Monocropping involves the growing of only one crop at a time. There by, reducing its productivity .but, in farm forestry; it involves the growing of different types of crops and livestock. This different verity may include both edible and non edible crops, timber and non timber tress e.t.c. by so doing productivity is maximized.
PEST AND DISEASES: because monocropping involves the cultivation of only one crop if there is an outbreak of disease or pest it may damage all the crops at once because they are of the same species. But,, in farm forestry it is not possible for one kind of pest or disease can damage all the crops . Some plants may even act and killer measures of such pest and diseases.
NAME: NANGOH RENITA NDOLO
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5015050
DEPT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS/EXTENSIONS
THE ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING.
Farm forestry is the practice of planting trees on a far for a variety of reasons.It is also referred to as the combination farming of forest plants and non forest based crops, while monocropping is the practice of planting the same crop on a piece of land year after year.
Farm forestry contributes to agriculture both ecologically/environmentally, and economically.
The advantages farm forestry has over monocropping are numerous and they include;
Trees planted in the practice of farm forestry eventually become shelter for other crops, as opposed to monocropping in which most of the crops are usually smaller in size, and need instead of providing shelter from the elements.
Trees act as windbreaks, and can reduce the effects of wind and water erosion on the farm land. They also help in regulating the ph of soil by intercepting rainfall, and thereby preventing saline groundwater from rising to the surface and affecting crops.
Forest farming brings about a wider availability of forest products which may have been formerly imported hence it strengthens the economy as opposed to monocropping which limits diversity by its provision of only one crop type.
Trees are generally more resilient than the crops usually planted in a monocropping system, so they can survive conditions that these crops cannot survive, and hence, can be a fall back income producer in cases where the other crops fail. This is shown in cases where, some years, the single crop type in a monocropping system fails. If the farmer where to have incorporated diverse plant types into his farm, the chances of them all failing due to the effects of one pest type or adverse environmental condition are quite slim because plants react differently to certain conditions.
The timber produced from farm forestry, though it takes a longer to be brought to fruition than crops in monocropping systems, generally yields more financial gain due to the high demand for this product and the time involved in growing them.
Farm forestry contributes to a more comfortable working environment as the diversity involved often provides for a better appearing farm with more shade.
Comparatively, the input and work needed to establish and manage the trees are lower and hence farm forestry constitutes a low risk investment for farmers under most conditions.
All in all it has been proven that farm forestry's advantages over monocropping far outweigh whatever benefits monocropping produces.
NAME: OYARI FRANCES CHINONYEREM
ReplyDeleteFACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
MAT NO: U2012/5010006
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production.
While, Monocropping is an agricultural practice is an agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same piece of land.
The advantages of farm forestry over mono-cropping.
1. FINANCIAL VALUE: In monocropping the farmer produces only one kind of crop that may not generate many funds to sustain the farmer. But, in farm forestry funds can be generated by various means. Examples are sales of livestock, timber and non timber products, by-products from the forest produces can also be sold to generate funds. Forest farming can also add financial value to the farmer if he conserves lands that have already forested, conserved lands that are kept for game reserve and national parks to the used as tourist sites.
2. EROSION: Erosion is the washing away of the soil surface either by water, wind and man’s activities. Unlike monocropping were there may be no covering for the soil to prevent the soil from erosion or water logging. In farm forestry the forest has a “canopy” structure comprising of the upper layer, middle layer, and lower layer. That prevents water or wind from coming in direct contact with the soil. The water is first absorbed by the leaves on various layers before it gets to the soil. There by, reducing erosion and water logging. The thickness of the forest also prevents wind erosion.
3. PRODUCTION CAPACITY: Monocropping involves the growing of only one crop at a time. There by, reducing its productivity .but, in farm forestry; it involves the growing of different types of crops and livestock. This different verity may include both edible and non edible crops, timber and non timber tress e.t.c. by so doing productivity is maximized.
4. PEST AND DISEASES: because monocropping involves the cultivation of only one crop if there is an outbreak of disease or pest it may damage all the crops at once because they are of the same species. But,, in farm forestry it is not possible for one kind of pest or disease can damage all the crops . Some plants may even act and killer measures of such pest and diseases.
5. HABITAT FOR WILD ANIMALS: The forest serves as home for the various wild animals on earth. The forest also sustains them in terms of food provision for the animals and also protects them from adverse heat of the sun by their canopy-cover trees. These animals in return produce hides and skins which is a raw material for the leather and tanning industry.
6. TOURUST ATTRACTION: forest serves as a form of tourist attraction through the establishment of national parks and game reserve. It generates revenue for the federal and state government through the attraction tourist from other countries who come to explore the wonders of nature.
7. FOR EMPLOYMENT: forestry generates employment for people ranging from forest guards, forest conservationists, teachers etc. this improves their standard of living.
NAME: IFREKE BOSCO EKPENYONG
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5020025
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
IN NOT MORE THAN FIVE HUNDRED WORDS, DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONO-CROPPING,
Firstly, farm forest is an agricultural practice of cultivating different value of crops, trees fibre for the utilization of man and it is also a land use management system in which trees, shrubs are grown around or among crops or pasturely land.
In other hand, mono-cropping is a practice of plant specie over a wide area and a large consecutive number of years, a farmer grow only one type of crop and it has been recognized to be hard on the environment and less profitable than farm forestry.
Farm forest improves soil quality with mind breaks conservation tillage, reforestation of eroding farm land recycling the soil nutrients through the shedding of leave of forest trees and seeds, unlike mono-cropping, the applying of pesticide and inorganic fertilizers for crop yield and intensive farming of single crop species diminishes the soil nutrient in a great way.
Farm forestry serves as source for the provision of timber, the wood is used in the construction of building and serves as fuel wood for cooking etc but in the aspect of mono-cropping, there is quicker spread of pest and diseases since a particular crop is planted for years and it is susceptible to pathogen which can easily lead to entire destruction of crops.
Also in farm forestry it helps in counteracting green house effect and global climate change by taking carbon out of the atmosphere and storing it in the form of wood, but not so in mono-cropping because there’s elimination and burning of forest for planting which flatten the ground and emits an importance amount of Co2 in to the atmosphere.
Farm forestry serves as shelter for wild animals but in mono-cropping must of the animals will be killed and their habitat destroyed and also planting fewer crop varieties biodiversity over time is reduced.
Finally, a good advantage of farm forestry over mono-cropping is that is erosion control prevention, as trees can be place in erosion pathway which helps in control of erosion.
NAME: FRIDAY NNEOMA JULIET
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5005003
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCES
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONO-CROPPING
Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes, while monocropping is the high-yield agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the absence rotation through other crops.
Ecologically, different types of crops use different nutrients in the soil. If a single crop is grown year after year, the soil becomes useless.
The advantages farm forestry have over monocropping is that farm forestry provide additional income from trees, which in-turn confer benefits to the farm and the winder community. Farming from farm forest add diversity to farmers incomes and can provide a buffer against cyclical downturns in prices of other farm products such as wool and meat. Trees can increase overall farm productivity through the beneficial effects of shelter on pastures, crops and livestock, trees in farm forestry can also reduce water logging and erosion caused by water and wind.
When it comes to mono-cropping, you find out that diseases and pest are spread quickly and if a crop doesn’t do well in that year’s conditions, you are going to loose out if you don’t have something else that is doing well.
Farm forestry have many advantages over mono-cropping because up to 20 percent of the farming landscape can be planted trees without loss of agricultural production (or traditional agricultural jobs). Integrated farm forestry can make an aesthetically pleasing landscape, add to a farm’s market value, and make it a more interesting and enjoyable place to live and work. Farm forestry can supply timber to the forest industry from private land. Trees in farm forest can provide shade and shelter for stock, wind-breaks for crops, prevent erosion of soil, help lower the water table to remediate saline soils, can improve water quality, and create habitats for native animals and plants.
Finally, monocropping problems can be avoided if forestry farming methods are employed and with forestry, nature is really balanced and the disruption to the balance due to mono-cropping often reduces the innate ability of a thriving ecosystem to regenerate the soil and pollinate plants.
NAME: OKONKWO CHIDIOGO .F.
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5005029
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
Farm forestry is the management of commercial trees growing into farming systems. It can take many forms e.g plantations on farms, timber belts, wide spaced tree plantings and wild forests.
Mono-cropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop yearly on the same farmland in the absence of rotation of crops. A farmer grows only one particular crop making the environment hard and less profitable for farmers.
Farm forestry has some advantages over mono-cropping in the following ways;
Food production:- It provides timbers, which can be converted into fuel wood for cooking. Some fruits and other arboreal foods can also be gotten from farm forestry. In the aspect of mono-cropping, spread of pest and disease is very easy because since a crop is planted yearly, it is susceptible to a pathogen which can easily lead to total damage of other crops.
Provision of shelter:- Trees in the farm forest can serve as shades and shelter for stock, wind breaks, prevention soil erosion, improve water quality and create habitats for wild animals. But in mono-cropping most of the animals will be killed and their habitats destroyed.
Job opportunity:- A growing farm forestry industry creates many new jobs in rural areas, from raising and tending the trees through to harvesting, transporting, and processing it products.
The community derives many benefits from farm forestry other than mono-cropping, the environmental benefit is that, it helps to protect our resource based of soils and water. This helps in maintaining agriculture as a leading export industry. Farm forestry provides protection for livestock, crops and pastures and also improves soil quality, recycling the soil nutrients through the shedding of leaves of forest trees and seeds, but this is not so in mono-cropping because the application of pesticide and inorganic fertilizers for crop yield and intensive farming of single crops species diminishes the soil nutrient adversely.
In conclusion, farm forestry has more advantages than mono-cropping.
NAME: OGBO BLESSING JAMES
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5020006
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
WHAT IS FORM FORESTRY?
Form forestry is the growing and use of trees on forms for commercial purposes.
WHAT IS MONOCROPPING
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the some land.
Forest farming is a type of agro forestry practice characterized by the four “LS INTENTIONAL, INTEGRATED, INTENSIVE and INTERACTIVE”.
There are so many products gotten from far-forestry like;
1. Medicinal plant:- Forestry plant really helped for medicine e.g. pawpaw leaf can be used to cure malaria.
2. Land use-: Farm forestry really helped in the principles of taking a form structure.
3. Availability of food:- Farm forestry produce different variety of food for man to eat. But in monocropping you can get all the food cause it may not be that crop season.
4. Job Opportunity:- Forest farming have really helped in providing Job in the rural areas.
5. Provision of Shelter:- Farm forestry has helped in the provision of shade, habital for wild animals but monocropping does not have tress for shade that can provide protection against sunlight.
In conclusion, farm forestry is more advantageous than mono-cropping.
NAME : STEPHNIE OREFFO
ReplyDeleteMATRICULATION NUMBER: U2012/5020004
DEPARTMENT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MGT
ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONO-CROPPING
Farm forestry over the years has been a good form of farm practice; it has numerous advantages, which can be compared and contrasted to that of mono cropping.
Firstly farm forestry principles constitute an ecological approach to forest management, in the sense that forest resources are used judiciously during farming processes. In agro-forestry certain animals are reared in same land, thereby aiding in supply of manure to the soil for growth of crops. On the other hand mono cropping often times results in deforestation, especially when plantations are being put under consideration.
Pests which are attracted to specific crops are disastrous in mono-cropping, but in farm forestry the effect of the damage would not be felt much, due to the fact that in mono cropping various crops are been planted at a time unlike mono-cropping.
Farm forestry when compared to mono cropping is relatively less expensive. Mono cropping requires and tends to emphasize on the use of expensive “specialize” farm equipment during planting and harvesting.
Farm Forestry doesn’t tend to lead to soil depletion, which is a negative effect of mono cropping. In a mono cropping regime crop rotation is highly practiced, this leaves the soil with little or no time to replenish its nutrients for the next planting season. Also worth noting, artificial high nitrogen fertilizers can “burn” the soil by creating an unfavorable environment for indigenous organisms, a phenomenon known to organic gardeners and farmers, thus results in further disruption of soil ecology and dependence on further short-term fertilizer strategies.
The incorporation or presence of trees in the farming system in farm forestry provides the benefit of having roots in the soil year round, but in mono-cropping systems, when the primary crop is harvested the roots die and the field lays fallow for the seasonal period.
In farm forestry the roots of the trees that surround the primary crop hold the soil in place during and after harvest thus allowing the ground moisture levels to remain regular, thereby reducing soil degradation and also preventing erosion.
Also modern forestry tackles some issues of concern such as ecosystem services by using the forests to create wild life habitats and bio-diversity.
In conclusion, If practiced correctly, farm forestry is capable of generating more income than mono cropping due to the fact that many varieties of crops would be harvested and also the various resources in the forests for example the bark of canopy trees in the forests are used for cut and processed off as timber, wild life activities could serve as a means of tourist attraction.
MAT NO. : U2012/5005022
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT OF CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1 (FORESTRY ASPECT)
Forest farming is the cultivation of high value specially crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favour growth and enhance production levels. It’s the growing and use of trees for commercial use. On the other hand, monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop or one kind of crop, year after year on the same land.
Monocropping is controversial as it can damage the soil ecology (including depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients) increasing crop vulnerability to insects, plants and micro organisms. Farm forestry can provide multiple benefits to farmers, as there are several advantages of farm forestry over monocropping. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated systems from introducing plants, modifying forest stands and enhancing the market and sustainable production of existing plants. It’s a process of farm management system. The main benefit of forest is for goods and services. Goods includes provision of food, wood home for animals, fuel wood, medicinal plants, dyes and stains, hides and skin, also used in paper production. Both timber and non-timber products (mushrooms, pine straw, and ginseng) can be manufactured from forest trees. Farm forest can supply timber to the forest industry from private lands where it’s refined and processed to finished goods ready for market. Trees can provide shade and shelter for livestock, in a case where farm forestry is practiced alongside livestock farming. It serves as wind break for crops especially in dry season. It also prevents erosion. Help lower the water table to remediate saline soil, balances the soil content in the soil. It creates habitat for animals and plant, improves water quality, trees on farms are also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a property. More availability of trees reduce and use up Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through photosynthesis thereby reducing global warming. Farm forestry serves as an important means of revenue to a country and also serve as a source of high income for practicing farm forestry (agro forestry) because of varieties in farm produce consisting of forest trees, forest crops, plants and livestock.
These are several advantages farm forestry has over monocropping....................
MAT NO: U2012/5015032
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
COURSE TITLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
Monocropping is a type of farming which practises the growing of a specific type of crop on a specific land on yearly basis. This allows a farmer specializes on the production of a particular crop. This sometimes poses a problem in that when the demand for such crop drops it automatically becomes a liability to the farmer. Monocropping depletes the soil due to continuous planting. At a point the plant will strip the soil of the nutrients, in an effort to continue growing crops farmers makes use of fertilizers which sometimes obstruct the natural balance of the soil an contribute to environmental problems like pollution and lots more.
Also after the first harvest subsequent crop will not do better, this is as a result of the depletion of the soil, which is because of the inability of the soil to recover lost nutrient due to continuous cropping.
Farm forestry is a system of farming that cultivates crops under trees which favours growth and serves as shades for the crop, the soil and the environment. It also enhances effective production. Forest farming encourages production of multiple crop types, and the rearing of livestock.
This type of farming is more beneficial than monocropping, farm forestry is beneficial both economically and other wise, in the following ways;
Timber production; when establishing a farm forest, timber is seen as the end product. This timber is produced for commercial purpose, therefore certain techniques are implored to enhance better production and also to maximise income. Farm forestry creates room for this to take place.
Shelter; Trees form shelter to crops and livestock, as the farm forest grows, it provides shelter even for the farmers .good shelter over crop and livestock enhances better and healthier production. And when products are sold it produces good income.
Forest recreation; with the shady trees, wildlife, streams, waterfall, and open space, farm forestry provides a heaven of peace to both visitors and owners. Farm forestry satisfy the problem of tourism locations and by so doing generate income to owners.
Forest farming is beneficial to the environment by removing water from the soil, trees reduces water logging from the soil and also reduces erosion caused by water and wind. Farm forestry is beneficial to the area where it is been practised by maintaining or ensuring continuous practise of agriculture. This happens because forest farming encourages cultivation of various crops, unlike monocropping. It creates job for residents in the areas of tending trees, harvesting, transporting and processing of its products.
NAME:ABASILIKWU CHRISTIAN O.
ReplyDeleteFACULTY:AGRICULTURE.
DEPT:FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT.
MAT NO:U2012/5020020.
COURSE CODE:AGR201.1.
ASSIGNMENT ON FARM FORESTRY: IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS, DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING.
Farm forestry refers to the practice of planting trees (high value specialty crops) on the farm to produce food, timber etc. to protect the environment and improve on the living conditions around the farm whereas monocropping is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species e.g. corn over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. The importance of trees grown on the farm cannot be over emphasized and as such farm forestry has various advantages over monocropping. Farm farestry have a lot of advantage over monocropping this including:
• Nitrogen fixation: in farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient
• Increase in productivity: forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
• High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
• Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
• Soil regeneration and restoration: forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
Forestry as a course is the management of forests for the continuous production of goods and services in response to the need for an ultimate satisfaction of consumer’s desire.
Farm forest has added a great value to mono-cropping by restoring ecological balance to fragmented second growth forests through intentional manipulation to create the desired ecosystem.
Maintenance of fertile soils that supports healthy and productive ecosystems are critical processes performed by forest farming. It enriches the soil by recycling nutrients that are obtained from dead leaves and small animals on the forest floor. They help to regulate water cycle by absorbing and redistributing rainwater equally to all species, they help to preserve agricultural land from the danger of erosion, the trees blowing the soil surface away.
NAME: OKEREKE CHIOMA QUEEN
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5005018
DEPT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONO-CROPPING
Forest farming is a type of agriculture that deals with high value specialty crops under a modified forest canopy that provides shade levels and habitat that favour growth and enhance production levels. It is a type of agro-forestry practice that is internationally, integrally, intensively and interactively characterized because it combines trees with crops or livestock or both on the same piece of land.
Mono-cropping is the practice of growing only one type of agricultural product in a large area of land, year after year in the absence of rotation through other crops on the same land. It can damage the soil ecology by degrading the soil as a result of lack of crop rotation because the practice of changing what is planted in a particular location on a farm year to year improves soil health, quality and improved yield.
Forest trees are most times multipurpose trees for instance, fodder trees in Japan are used to control erosion, conserve soil, supply food and feed animals. In the same way, walnut trees produce walnuts which are fed to pigs (then the pigs are used as source of income), mature trees are used for timber unlike mono-cropping which involves one type of agricultural product.
Forest farming helps to grow trees that:
1. Provide shade and shelter to crops: Trees provides shades and shelter which assists with protection from extremes in temperature or sunlight exposure as a result of their inability to store heat instead, they contribute to further cooling through the evaporation and transpiration from their leaves. They intercept the sun's rays which is either deflected into the atmosphere or used as energy for photosynthesis.
Mono-crops do not have this ability and therefore suffer or die due to extreme temperatures.
2. Improve water quality: water quality is influenced through the interception of rain drops by plant leaves. It can be improved due to the presence of significant sub-story and ground cover species which hold soil together reducing nutrient runoff and filters water as it pass through the surface and ground water system. Mono-crops cannot improve water quality because of the absence of sub-story and ground cover species.
3. Provides life-saving income: forest trees grown on the farm can serve as alternatives if other crops are lost due to dry weather. This is because trees have larger roots than other crops and so can get to deep water reserves that crops like maize cannot reach. Therefore, trees like fruit trees can provide farmers with life-saving incomes when other crops are lost.
4. Serves as wind break: trees provide wind breaks which reduce evaporation in cropping lands caused by high winds. They also protect crops from storm damage and water loss caused by the drying effect of the wind. In the mono-cropping, there are no trees therefore the crops cannot shade themselves from high winds.
5. Slows the loss of natural forest: the rate at which natural forests are cut is slowed down when trees from farm are used to provide fuel-wood and timber. Soil stay productive, therefore, the need to cut down forest trees in search of fertile soil is reduced. In mono-cropping, the forests remain the main source of timber and fuel-wood.
Introduction:
ReplyDeleteForest farming is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under the protection of a forest canopy that has been modified to provide the correct shade level. Crops like ginseng, shiitake mushrooms, and decorative ferns are sold for medicinal, culinary, and ornamental uses. Forest farming provides income while high-quality trees are being grown for wood products.
Monocropping is an agricultural practice in which the same crop is planted year after year, without practicing crop rotationor resting the soil. While there are some distinct advantages to this technique, it is environmentally questionable and can potentially lead to serious economic problems for farmers, as well.
Discussion:
An important form of land sustainability
Contributing to effective land use and sustainability of the land it is a form of agriculture which produces goods and services while continuing to protect the natural resource base (soil), while mono cropping which widely encourages excessive soil erosion is inefficient and obviously not sustainable.
It blends production with protection
It concerns resiliency, diversity, and avoid negative side effects and focus on holistic approach to land management. Fuel wood, pools, timber and fodder are farm forest products often solely needed by rural people. Trees also moderate the micro climate, protect the soil, provide shade to livestock and enhance crop production by reducing the effect of wind on crops.
It can improve land resiliency (helping the soil to return to its original shape after been deformed by mono cropping). Because farm forest system have more than one production component and are structurally and functionally complex, they tend to be more resilient than most mono cropping system.
Farm forest practices can help farms cope with uncertainties of drought, frost, pest and other phenomenon that can lead to serious mono crop failure, farm forest (agroforestry) can enhance farmer’s financial security while providing environmental security to the society.
The community derives many benefits from farm forestry other than mono-cropping, the environmental benefit is that, it helps to protect our resource based of soils and water. This helps in maintaining agriculture as a leading export industry. Farm forestry provides protection for livestock, crops and pastures and also improves soil quality, recycling the soil nutrients through the shedding of leaves of forest trees and seeds, but this is not so in mono-cropping because the application of pesticide and inorganic fertilizers for crop yield and intensive farming of single crops species diminishes the soil nutrient adversely.
In conclusion, farm forestry has more advantages than mono-cropping.
NAME: IBRAHIM JEMILAH OGHENANE
ReplyDeleteDEPT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
MAT NO: U2012/5010054
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPING
• Mono cropping which is the act of having one particular type of crop in an area being cultivated alone has less advantage compared to farm forestry which on the other hand has to do with cultivating or the practice of planting trees on the farm to produce food, timber etc to protect the environment and improve on the living condition around the farm. In this case it has got lot more to do than just having one types of crops compared to mono cropping.
• In farm forestry different types of crop are cultivated. This therefore reduces the time wasted while waiting for a kind of crop to grow and be cultivated before planting another one which can take up to like five planting seasons waiting to plant five different kind of crops as in the case of mono cropping.
• In mono cropping there is a rare case of soil nutrient replenishing (nutrient recycling) and activities or interaction like mutualism and symbiosis between different plant because it consist of only one plant. Farm forestry involving different plant being grown, undergoes this relationship as it aids better accommodation of different plant located in that environment.
• In mono cropping as the name implies, only one farm produce is most time gotten from it unlike the case of forest farm where one can get from it edible food, timber, fruits, medicine from shrubs and trees barks, nutrient pumping/recycling just has had been mentioned above, nitrogen fixation, shade from trees, shelter and the like.
• As much as the advantages are to be mentioned, the high priority of farm forestry to mono cropping can not be underestimated, as it (farm forestry) is the mother of Agriculture.
NAME: KELLE, FRANCIS ONYEKA
ReplyDeleteMAT. NO: U2012/5005033
DEPT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
COURSE CODE: AGR201.1.
DISCUSS ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONO-CROPPING
-Forestry – It can be defined as the art and the science of managing and planting of trees and forest resources in order to provide food, shelter or shade, fibred and feed ford also to enhance and improve environment for man.
-Mono-cropping- It is the process or practice of planting one/single type of plant in a field for food but in a little amount. The farm forestry has the following advantages over mono-copping, these are:
a. High production of different variety of food for man: the forest provides man with a lot of different vanity of food resources. These foods are Udara, Ukasi, Vegetables, oil palm etc while Mono-copping will not provide these variety of food but will only provide a single type of food variety.
b. Help in Fixation of Nitrogen and other substance to the soil: The farm forestry will help man to improve the soil by helping to fix nitrogen in the soil and other nutrient/substances in the soil too. This is done as a result of different plant in the forest and with different root system for the fixation.
c. Improvement of soil: the forest helps to improve the soil in the sense that the falling leaves and dead plants which helps to form the organic matter of the soil will help to improve the soil structure, texture and fertility of the soil too.
- Habitat for wild animal - it serves a home for wild animals by proving them with shades from the leaves of the forest tress and also provides all the necessary nutritional requirement of the animals too. eg of animals are Elephant , Lion etc.
- Minimization of pest and Disease: The forest helps to minimize the rate of outbreak of pest and disease in the environment. Unlike the mono-cropping which increase the outbreak of pest and disease will spread easily and fast.
- Provision of Raw materials for industries: Raw materials of various types are provide by the forest environment e.g of such raw materials are pulp for paper, Timber, gun, latex from rubber etc.
- Recycling/nutrient primping- it helps in the circulation of nutrients in the environment by them forest zone e.g carbon cycle in nature- it is enhance by the trees and the forest resources.
- in conclusion, the forestry is more advantageous than the mono-cropping in the above listed way
ReplyDeleteName; Nzeako Elizabeth Ngozichi
Mat no; U2012/5005015
Dept; Crop and Soil Science.
Advantages of farm forestry over monocropping.
Farm forestry or Agroforestry is a farming approach that mimics natural ecosystem. It is a commitment by farmers alone or in partnership, towards the establishment or management of forest on their land.
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop or multiple crops year after year on same land in the absence of rotation.
Farm forestry is an alternative method that can produce more food using fewer resources. It is used by farmers to improve soil fertility, adapt to climate change and reduce farming input, while Monocropping is resource intensive in terms of land, water, capital and fossil fuel.
Agroforestrty or farm forestry is organic, low-input, biodiverse and use techniques like intercropping trees, planting perennial, water harvesting and resource recycling. While monocropping threatens future food production by reducing biodiversity and contributing to environmental degradation and climate change which lowers yield.
Farm forestry programmes are more multifunctional than monocropping programmes. This is important given the growing call for triple-win solution for agriculture, health and environmental sustainability. That is , it is used as a sustainable-donor dependent tool for improving the health, food and nutrition security and livelihood while protecting the environment.
Agroforestry or farm forestry has average food security and higher crop and diet diversity than monocropping. It intentionally combines agriculture and forestry to create sustainable land-use system. Farm forestry takes advantage of the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or animal.
NAME: ORUPABO IBIENE GLADYS
ReplyDeleteDEPT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MGT.
MAT NO: U2012/5020022
FACULTYU: AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
Monocropping also known as monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single kind of crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years.
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide a shade levels and habitat that favors growth and enhance production levels or we can say farm forestry is the growing and uses of trees on farms for commercial purposes.
The following shows how farm forestry has advantage over Monocropping;
Monocropping can lead to the quicker spread of pests and disease in the farm damaging the crops and resulting in low profit income.
Farm forestry encompasses range of cultivated systems from introducing plants to modifying forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants
The trees in the forest provides wind-break for crops, prevents erosion of the soil, shades and shelter for stock.
It helps in lowering the water table of remediate saline soils, improves water quality and also create habitat for plant and animals.
Monocropping is controversial, as it can damage the soil ecology by reduction in diversity of soil nutrients.
Farm forestry can serve for medicinal purpose because in the farm forest all kinds of plants are grown and of which we know that all plants has a specific role they play.
Farm forestry yields high income while Monocropping yields low income.
It serves for food production it provides timbers, which can be converted into fuel, wood for cooking. Some fruits and other arboreal foods can also be gotten from farm forestry but in the case of Monocropping this is not possible hence the definition for Monocropping.
Farm forest improves soil quality with mind breaks conservation tillage, reforestation of eroding farm land recycling the soil nutrients through the shedding of leave of forest trees and seeds, unlike mono-cropping, the applying of pesticide and inorganic fertilizers for crop yield and intensive farming of single crop species diminishes the soil nutrient so much.
Forestry encourages natural regeneration of trees, crops while that of Monocropping doesn't encourage regeneration.
With all said and knowing that FORESTRY as a discipline/practice is the mother of agriculture and since the origin of agriculture has been laying foundations for other disciplines in agriculture to follow.
NAME: BANIGO QUEEN LESOR
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NUMBER: U2012/5015043
DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
COURSE TITLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
DATE: 15-08-2014
ASSIGNMENT
In not more than 500 words, discuss the advantages farm forestry has over monocropping.
Monocropping is the act of planting a particular crop on the same piece of land, year after year. This method of planting provides only food for man. This method reduces the soil nutrients, leaves the soil weak and unable support plant growth. This forces the farmers to use chemical fertilizers to encourage plant growth and fruit production. These fertilizers in turn disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and contribute to further nutrient depletion. Monocropping also creates the fast spread of diseases, which would be treated with yet more chemicals.
Farm forestry or forest farming is the cultivation of high-valued specialty crops (trees) to provide food, timber, fruits etc. to protect the environment and improve the living conditions of the farm. In farm forestry different kind of trees are planted, unlike monocropping where only one type of crop is planted. Farm forestry has so many advantages over monocropping because, it provides man with so many needs. Some advantages of farm forestry over monocropping include;
1. TIMBER:Forest trees produce timber, and timber is used for making different types of furniture. These furniture are sold and this serves as a source of income. It also provide pulp for the manufacturing of paper. Example of timber producing trees includes; Miliciaexcelsa, Khayasp etc.
2. MEDICINAL PLANTS: Medicinal plants can also be gotten from the forest and these plants are used to cure so many diseases. The bark and root of some trees can also be used for medicinal purposes. Example of some medicinal plants includes; Azadirachtaindica and ginseng (Panaxquinquefolius).
3. HABITAT/HOME FOR WILD ANIMALS:Forest farming provides habitat or home for wild animals. This encourages tourism, which is also a source of income to country.
4. NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (NTFP’S): They include chewing sticks, spices, nuts, dyes and stains, cane products, wine, brooms, vegetables etc.
5. IMPROVEMENT OF THE SOIL: Farm forestry also improves the quality of the soil, improving the soil structure (by preventing erosion), aeration of the soil, helps in nitrogen fixation, nutrient pumping/recycling etc.
Apart from all the listed advantages of farm forestry, it also provides some indirect services providing shade from sunlight and also provide oxygen for man.
NAME:OPARA MIRIAM UGOCHI
ReplyDeleteFACULTY:AGRICULTURE
DEPT:FWL
COURSE CODE:AGR201.1
MAT NO:U2012/5020003
QUESTION: In not more than 500 words discuss the advantages of farm forestry over mini cropping.
Farm forestry is the growing or planting trees in the aim to produce food,timber etc to protect environment and improve living conditions. It is a type of agroforestry practice characterized by the four I's",intentional,integrated, intensive and interactive.
Mono cropping is the practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years.it is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation gas allowed for large harvest for minimal labour.
Monoculture can lead to the quicker spread of pests and diseases where a uniform crop is succestible to a pathogen .crop monoculture is the practice of growing the same crop year after year.
Some of the advantages of farm forestry over mono cropping are:
1) Provision of food:foods obtained from forest species include vegetables,fruits oils etc which are sources of minerals and vitamins.
2) Raw materials for industries: eg timber which is used for building and construction and are sold in the market for monetary purposes.
3)Nitrogen fixation: In farm forestry nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improve s the soil structure while in mono cropping it does take place.
4)Provision of shade and shelter:the trees can provide shade and shelter for stock,wind breaks for crops.
5)Trees on farms are also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a property.
6) Protection over erosion:Due to dominance of talk trees with broad roots in farm forestry .the root of the trees that surrounds the primary crops hold soil in place during and after harvest,this helps the soul moisture to be stable and reduce degradation and erosion.
Conclusion: farm forestry has enermous advantages over mono cropping as it is the mother of agriculture.
NAME: CHUKWUUNELE SYLVANUS IKECHUKWU
ReplyDeleteMAT. NO: U2012/50/0043
DEPARTMENT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERY
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high value, especially crops under a forest canopy that is internationally modified or maintained to provide shade level and habitat that favour growth and enhances production level. It also encompasses a range of cultivated system from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modifying forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants.
On the other hand, mono-cropping is an agricultural practice in which the same crop is planted year after year without practicing crop rotation or resting the soil. Here s some of the advantages of farm forestry over mono-cropping.
First, farm forestry helps in the maintenance of stable ecology of natural forest and productive agricultural system and also helps in maintaining forest integrity and environmental health. Mono-cropping on the other could be very harmful to ecological stability. It also severely depletes the soils as the plant will strip the soil of the nutrients it need. This leads to the farmer using fertilizer to improve the soil fertility which can disturb the natural balance of the soil and contribute to a host of environmental problem ranging from pollution to desertification.
Furthermore, farm forestry helps to increase crop diversity as many plant species are cultivated under this farming practice, trees, fruits, nuts, seed plant, foliage, shrubs and medical plants are cultivated which human and their livestock rely on for food, shelter, medicine etc. while on the side of mono-cropping, this farming system generally reduces crop diversity, which is perceived as a bad thing because of loss of biodiversity.
In addition, farm forestry focuses on increasing benefit to land owner where farm forestry products like Niche, Non-timber forest product, Timber forest product, spices etc gives the farm a high market value. Mono-cropping tends to be very dangerous because of the cultivation of one type of crop, which when natural disaster or shifting wealth condition devastate the crop this would result to a catastrophic situation and may result to the farmer been heavily in dept at the end of the planting season.
NAME: ULOLO MARK BAMALD
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5020023
DEPARTMENT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MMANAGEMENT
COURSE: AGR 201
ADVANTAGES FARM FOREST HAS OVER MONOCROPPING.
DEFINITION. Mono-cropping; it is the growing of a single crop year after year on the same land in the absence of crop rotation.
Farm forestry: It is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes.
IT ADVANTAGES ARE:
1. Farm forestry is profitable; it can make other agricultural enterprise more productive, it also provides benefits and stimulate new jobs and industries in rural areas. While the mono-cropping it is an annual planting crops. It can also supply timber to the forest industry from private land.
2. Farm forestry produces multiple benefits for farmer, the environment and the wider community, and also it provide new jobs and industries in the rural areas.
3. Farm forestry also provides medicinal plants for medicine.
4. Trees farming can boost farm income, private growers aiming to produce sowing after 20 to 30 years, can start earning income from thinning (for posts and industrial) after eight to 12 years. Blue gums for pulpwood can be ready for harvest within years of planting.
5. Integrated farm forestry also make an aesthetically placing landscape, add to the farm’s market value, and make it a more interesting and enjoyable place to live and work.
6. Unlike the mono-cropping that damage the soil for planting other crops, after harvesting. farm forestry improve the crop for growing of other crop and plants
7. Farm forestry based on environmental benefits; help protect our resources based of soils and water. This help to maintain agriculture as a leading export industry for Western Australia while allowing our consumers to enjoy competitive prices for produce grown in our state.
8. Growing farm forestry creates many new jobs in rural areas, from raising and tending the trees through to harvesting, transporting and processing the products things we get from farm forestry are; vegetables, timber, fruits, nut, medicine, species etc. other services provided by farm forestry shade habitat for wild animal carbon sequestration, shorter/wind break.
The tree panted in the farm is either as demarcation or as wind break.
NAME: ISIBOGE VIVIAN ONYEBUCHI
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5015035
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONO-CROPPING.
Farm forestry can be defined as the incorporation of commercial tree growing into farming systems.
It is also the commitment of resources by farmers, alone or in partnerships, towards the establishment or management of forests on their land. While Mono-cropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land.
Farm forestry can supply timber to the forest industry from private land. It also provides multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long term proposition. The trees can provide shade and shelter for stock, wind breaks for crops, prevent erosion of sort, help lower the water table to remediate saline soils, can improve water quality and create habitats for nature animals and plants.
Trees on farm are also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a property. They improve health of the forest and increase income opportunity: Farm forest is a sustainable land use practice which employs the principle of taking an existing forest structure and intentionally reshaping with the intention and purpose of creating the most beneficial components for economic and ecological development. While mono-cropping laps nutrients from the earth and leaves soil and unable to support healthy plant growth, due to the lack of soil structure and poor quality of the soil, the farmers are focused on using chemical fertilizers to encourage efficient plant growth and fruit production. And this in-turn disrupts the natural composition of the soil and nutrient depletion.
The effects of mono-cropping on the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizers when pesticides and fertilizers make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution and also creates easy access of pests and diseases which must be treated with yet more chemicals, that will cause more harm to the soil.
AMADI UCHECHI MARY
ReplyDeleteU2012/5015023
ReplyDeleteAgricultural Economics and Extension
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONO-CROPPING
Mono-cropping is the continuous cultivation of a specie of crop on a
particular farmland year after year while farm forestry is the growing
and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. In farm forestry,
other crops can be grown together with the trees or live-stocks can be
reared on the same farmland.
Both method of farming has advantage economically, however farm
forestry has some advantages over mono-cropping. Some of these
advantages are highlighted below.
Firstly, unlike mono-cropping, farm forestry helps the farmer to cope
with uncertainty of drought and pest. For instance if a particular
specie is attacked by pests in a farm forest, the farmer can still
cope with the loss by harvesting other crops he has on his farm unlike
mono-cropping where the farmer only cultivates a particular specie of
crop.
Secondly, trees cultivated on a farm forest helps to prevent erosion
through their buttress roots but farmlands used in monocroping are
susceptible to erosion.
Thirdly, in mono-cropping, nutrients needed by the soil is used up by
continuous cultivation of a particular crop, but in farm forestry,
different types of crop will not make nutrients to be deficient in the
soil as some crops are able to fix back nutrients.
More also trees act as wind barriers in a farm forest and also as
habitat for pollinating birds and insects.
In addition, if demand of the particular crop falls rapidly, the
farmer's mono-crop will become a liability to him, but in farm
forestry, the farmer can compensate his loss by harvesting other crops
if demand for a particular crop falls.
NAME: UWADIAE OSARUGUE RUTH
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS/EXTENSION
MAT NO: U2012/5015048
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1 ASSIGNMENT
COURSE TITTLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
DATE: 15TH AUGUST 2014
QUESTION
The advantages of farm forestry over mono cropping
Farm forestry can be define or refers to as the practice of planting tree in the farm so as to produce food, timber, shelteretc. and to protect the environment and improve the economic.
On the other hand the term mono cropping is the practice or the act of planting a particular plant (CROP) on the farm so as to achieve or obtained a particular purpose or aim of the farmer.
In comparing or in looking at the advantages of farm forestry over mono cropping is as followings and it involves both physical and chemical advantages.
PHYSICAL ADVANTAGES
1. VEGETABLES: in farm forestry (trees) vegetables can be obtain from a plant species call Gnetumafricanawhich serves as a source of vitamins to the consumers.
2. TIMBERS: these are obtained from the tree which are further breakdown for constructions like roofing of buildings,roads, furniture,paper and pulp making etc.
3. MEDICINAL PLANT: Azadirachtaindica serves for medicinal uses or purpose and this can be gotten from the tree bark or leaves of the tree.
4. FOOD: fruit obtained from the trees serves as a source of food to humans, animals, as well as other living organisms.
5. SHADE/SHELTER: forest trees have serve as a source of shade against high intensity or ultraviolet ray of the sun and rain and a source of shelter for animals against enemies.
6. WIND BREAK: Due to planting of trees round buildings, has help to break down the high wind speed which could have cause damages to buildings.
7. HABITAT FOR WILD ANIMALS: forest trees have serves as habitat or home for wild which enables them to carry out their activities like mating, reproductionetc. in their habitat.
CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL ADVANTAGES
1. NITROGEN FIXATION: Nitrogen which is an essential nutrient for plant is also convert from atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia at an absorpable form.
2. NUTRIENT PUMPING/RECYCLING: forest tree absorb food, water (nutrient) from the soil to build all the different part of plant tissue and then finally matured. They produce fruit and important benefits from the soil. Thus nutrient/recycling is due to the falling of leaves whichdecompose and add nutrient into the soil.
3. IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL STRUCTURE: due to the falling of leaves, animal forest feaces decompose and add nutrient content to the soil there by maintaining the soil structure of forest land.
4.SOIL AERATION: soil aeration which is the ability of the soil to have air pores which createfavorable places for plant growth. Thus forest minute animals have help to make aeration more easily through digging of holes in the soil where air passes thus making the soil structure and texture with their fertility balance.eg earthworm.
In conclusion farm forestry has more advantages than mono cropping in terms of social, economic, physical, chemical and biological processes.
Forestry is the science, art and craft of creating, managing, using and conserving of trees and plants for commercial purposes. It can also be seen as the cultivation of high valued specialized trees or crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat for all plant lives that favors growth and enhance production levels.
ReplyDeleteMonocropping is an agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same piece land in the absence of rotation. It is also the practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. It is widely in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvest from minimal labor used.
Farm forestry has a superior amount of carbon sequentration when compared to mono-cropping systems both above and below ground. The higher level of biogas above and below ground that trees and shrubs bring to farming systems helps to capture and store more carbons. It plays a huge importance in purification of the very air that we breath as humans. The carbon dioxide that we breath out is absorbed by the trees and plant who then converts it back to oxygen in photosynthetic process
non-timber forest products(NTFPs) can also be gotten from forest farming which can be edible,medicinal,decorative or floral,dietary supplements or specialty wood-based products.they also provide habitation for wild animals like monkey, snakes, ants etc.
farm forestry is a strong source of financial stability to farmers considering the large and so many trees and crops available to its disposal. it can provide a buffer against cyclical down turns in prices of other farm products such as wool and meat, harvesting can be deferred or brought forward to provide income when it Unlike monocrops, trees are multipurpose in nature. They produce more resources or products than a single crop. For instance, whereas just the corn cobs may be gotten as the only product from a maize plant, variety of products like vegetable, timber, fruits, nuts, medicine, spices, pulp and paper can be derived from a single tree. These diverse products gotten from trees, provides more income for the farms most needed.
Forest farming combines ecological stability of natural forest and agricultural system, it is considered to have great potential for generating soil restoring ground water supplies, controlling flood, ersion and drought and cultivating marginal land. farm forestry produces different kinds of food for man consumption because of its diverse,different kinds foods of different seasons are produce and are made available all the time for man use BUT in mono-cropping since its only one type of cropping availability of food is only on the crop's season.
MONOCOPPING: Is controversial, as it can damage soil ecology and provides an increasing crop vulnerability to opportunistic insects, plants and microorganisms. Under certain circumstances monocropping can lead to deforestation. Soil depletation is also negative effect in mono cropping. It contributes to the fast spread of pest and diseases in a farm land where a uniform crop is suscestible to a particular pathogen. Monocropping is of more disadvantages to farm forestry, planting the same crop in the same place each year zaps nutrient from the earth and Levesque soil weak and unable to support health plant growth because soil structure and quality is so poor farmer are forced to used chemical fertilizer to encourage plant growth and fruit production this fertilizer in turn disrupt the natural make up of the soil and contribute further to nutrient depletion. Monocropping also great the spread of pests and diseases which must be treated with with yet more chemical the effects of monocropping in the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizer make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution monocropping can't not provide timber or wood for cooking, papermaking,habitat, shade or waterlogging
ASSIGNMENT ON FARM FORESTRY: IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS, DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING.
ReplyDeleteForestry is the science, art, and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving and repairing forests and associated resources to meet desired goals, needs and values for human benefit. It is practiced in plantations natural stands. The main goal of forestry is to create forests to provide environmental supplies and services.
Forest ecosystem has come to be seen as the most important component of the biosphere. Foresters develop and implement forest management plans relying on mapped resource inventories showing an area’s topographical features as well as its distribution of trees (by specie) and other plant cover.
Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant specie over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. While monocropping which is planting the same crop each year, zaps nutrient from the earth and leaves the soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. It reduces soil structure and quality as farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizers to encourage plant growth and fruit production but in forestry, there is no need of fertilizer as the soil structure is improved by the activities of forest species.
Monocropping can lead to the quicker spread of pests and diseases, where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen. A huge problem with growing any crop in a monoculture is that once the land has been used to agriculture for single specie, soil fertility diminishes greatly. Since all plants in a monoculture are genetically similar, if a disease strikes to which they have no resistance, it can destroy entire populations of crops.
Good management plans include consideration of future conditions of the stand after any recommended harvest treatments including future treatments and plans for natural or artificial regeneration after final harvests. Plans instruct the sustainable harvesting and replacement of trees. Foresters consider tree felling and environmental legislation when developing plans and that is not the case in monocropping.
The climax vegetation of the humid tropics in high forest, produces the greatest sustainable rate of biomass formation. It captures all solar radiation year-round by virtue of the different layers of foliage. The layers of leaves, twigs and branches absorb the incoming energy of tropical rainstorms, thus protecting the soil. Organic matter on the forest floor is protected from direct sun. Runoff is reduced so that more water is available for plant growth and extensive root systems explore the whole soil profile for nutrients.
Fertilizers used in monocropping, disrupt the natural make up of the soil and contribute further to depletion of nutrients. It also creates the spread of pests and diseases which must be treated with yet more chemicals. The effects of monocropping on the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizers make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution to the environment.
Finally, with forestry, nature is really in balance and the disruption to the balance due to monocropping often reduces the innate ability of a thriving ecosystem to regenerate the soil and pollinate plants.
Ezeh Cynthia Chidimma
ReplyDeleteU2012/5010028
Animal Science and Fisheries
Farm forestry is the incorporation of commercial tree growing
into farming systems; it can take many forms: plantations on
farms,woodlots,timber belts,alleys,wide-spaced tree plantings and
native forests. Mono-cropping involves the planting of only one type of
crop in the same place year after year.
Farm forestry provides wood and non-wood products while
mono-cropping provides one kind of crop. Farm forestry play vital role
in the conservation of biodiversity but mono-cropping do not. Farm
forestry helps in the maintenance of fertile soils while leads to
overuse of soil thereby depriving it of its nutrients for the growth
of its fertility.
Farm forestry serves for multiple uses(goods and services). The
trees are planted to improve and stabilise degraded agricultural land.
Wood and timber harvested can be used for
constructions,fencing,fuel,pulp for paper making. High quality timber
is highly priced by furniture makers and as hardwood flooring and
decking.
Farm forest is cheaper to cultivate than mono-cropping of any crop
which will require fertilizers,equipments,etc. Mono-cropping is prone to
fast spread of pests and disease as one kind of crop is been grown.
This could lead to a huge loss of input,capital and degrading of soil.
But in farm forestry,when the disease of a particular kind of
plant/crop arises only the crop/plant is affected thus the farmer
experiences a little loss.
NAME;ESSIEN EMEDIONG. D.
ReplyDeleteDEPT;CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE.
MATRIC NO;U2012/5005021
FACULTY;AGRICULTUR.
AGR201.1
Monocropping is the high yield agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land,eg corn,soyabeans and whaet.these are the three common crop often grown using monocropping technique.
ADVANTAGES OF MONOCROPPING AER AS FOLLOWS; MEDICINAL HERBS; monocropping provides man with medicinal herbs such as ginger,blackcohosh,goldenseal that contributes to good health thereby increasingthe level of productivity for it. Monocropping can leads to quicker spread of disease ,where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen .increase production of both quality saw logs and short rotation pulpwood crops also increase quality of resources . Farm forest reduced both the concentration of nitrate and the quality of water draining ground to arable and intensively managed pasture. SOIL QUALITY; plant enrich the soil by recycling the nutrients through the shedding of leaves ,but in monocropping due to consistent cultivation they same place ,plant nutrients are lost and the soil is weak and unable to support healthy plant growth because the structure and quality of the soil will be poor. farm forestry have environmental benefits in that its improve habitat in that it improve habitat and creation of a more divers ecosystem it helps in counteracting greenhouse effects and global climate by taking carbon out of the atmosphere and store in the form of wood.it also filter out harmful ultra violet rays. PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT; Farm forest provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animal example are manifera indica and dogoyaro improving the living condition around the tree. Therefore it is a way to add financial value while that land is currently forested
.monocropping has no shelter for wild animal.
NAME; BRAIDE SOMINA VERA MICHAEL
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT; CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
FACULTY; AGRICULTURE
MAT NO; U2012/5005001
COURSE; AGR 201.1
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOPCROPPING
Farm forestry can be said to be a long artificially-established forest or farm where crops are grown for sale often in distant market rather than for local on-site consumption. Mono cropping on the other hand is the high yield agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same piece of land, in the absence of rotation through other crops. Example of such crop is corn, etc. The advantages of farm forestry over mono cropping are endless. Farm forestry which is the growing and use of trees for commercial purposes is of great importance. Farm forestry can supply timber to the forest industry from private land. Farm forestry provides multiple benefits to farm making it attractive long-term proposition. These services cannot be provided by mono cropping. also, trees can provide shade and shelter for stock, wind breaks for crops, etc. farm forestry provides also provides trees that can check-mate erosion of the soil, help lower the water table to remediate saline soils, they also create habitats for animals and plants. Unlike mono cropping which may provide a farmer with only one source of income and also limit such farmer’s rate since the farmer has to wait until harvest before making sales of his one crop produce, farm forestry provides farmers with an alternative source of income, not to mention the farmer is now able to generate income from different sources given his wide farm enterprise ranging from timber, to food crops, etc. this can be likened to a case of providing oneself with various sources of income rather than having “one goose that lays the golden egg” or the as against the proverbial saying of “putting all your eggs in one basket” as in mono cropping, what happens to such farmer in the event of destruction of that crop probably by pests or diseases?. farm forestry improves agricultural production by providing substantial environmental benefits such as salinity control, it aerates the soil. Farm forestry can be a means of afforestation, in fact “it is the least costly and economically the most effective approach to afforestation of the rural and urban areas. As quoted in CSE 1985. Another advantage of farm forestry over mono cropping is in the provision of fuel wood for rural and indeed urban people. Also some of these trees grown in farm forestry are of great medicinal value, we find that the leaves and other parts of these trees may be chewed, cooked, or prepared in some form of concoction and used as medicines for treatment of various illnesses, and they are very effective. Nitrogen fixation and nutrient recycling are to mention a few. Farm forestry aids biodiversity and is a sustainable land use practice. The list is endless. the need for farm forestry cannot be over emphasized as this will lead to a dynamic, ecologically based, natural resource management system that, through the integration of trees on farms and in the agricultural landscape will diversify and sustain production for increased social, economic and environmental benefits for land users at all levels.
NAME: CHILAKA VIVIAN .U.
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5020037
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1.
Question: not more than 500 words, discuss the advantages of farm forestry over monocropping.
Forestry can be defined as the practice of planting trees to produce food, timber, fodder etc. It protects the environment and improves on the farm condition of the farm. The advantages of forest trees are so numerous.
Mono cropping on the other hand is the cultivation of a single type of crop in a large piece of land.
The following are the advantages forestry has over mono cropping. 1.Farm forestry helps to prevent soil erosion and water logging caused by water and wind. The canopy provided by the leaves helps to reduce the rate of evaporation of water from soil there by making water available to plant.
2. Farm forestry provide, a habitat for various plant particularly in case of tropical rain forest with the presence of many different plant species. It preserve these plants and product them from being exploited which is absent in monocropping. farm forestry has many different species that help to balance the gasses in the atmosphere or purify the environment these plants take in carbondioxide during photosynthesis and breathes out oxygen require for animal respiration.
3. Farm forestry has multiple benefit which can come from forest trees unlike in monocropping where only one types of crop is harvested. Products from farm forestry fit into these categories (medicinal, diary supplement, edible fruits, floral and also decorative or specialty wood based products
4. The use of fertilizer in monocropping, disrupt the natural make up of the soil and contribute further to depletion of nutrients. It also creates the spread of pest and disease that must be treated with chemicals. These chemicals make their way into the ground water or became airborne and result in environmental pollution. 5. Dyes and Stains: They produce what is used for body decorations and dyeing of clothes. The leaves of farm forest are also a provision for wild life habitat.
Exudates: Different farm forest species are known to produce exudates which are put into one use or there other. Such exudates include tannins resins, gum, latex, etc. E.g Rubber tree (Hevea brasilliencis) forest species other products includes: sponges, wrapping leaves, wine etc.
Some faunal products are:
Honey: Which is obtained from the honey-bee (Apis-mellifera) honey is nutritious and supplies the body with indispensable materials.
Hides and Skin: This is obtained from wildlife species E.g. Lions, leopards, buffalos, etc used in the leather industry for making bags, belts, shoes etc.
Name: IDUMHANLENA MIRACLE.
ReplyDeleteMat no: U2012/5015007
Dept: Agriculture Economics and Extension
Farm forestry is the practice of cultivating trees on the farm to produce food, timber, fodder, NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT etc, to protect the environment and improve the ecosystem.
Monocropping is the practice of planting only one particular crop in a piece of land every planting season(planting year). In farm forestry, the farmer may decide to plant just a particular tree).
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
1. SOIL NUTRIENTS: In monocropping, the soil nutrients depletes as same plant is cultivated year in, year out on same piece of land depletes the nutrient level of the soil, it makes the soil structure poor. This forces the farmer to use fertilizers which are chemicals in enhancing the nutrient level of the soil WHEREAS in farm forestry, different trees that replenish the nutrient of the soil are planted.
2. LANDSCAPE: In monocropping, during heavy rainfall, leaching occurs and the soil is eroded which doesn't give the soil a good landscape. In farm forestry, since the foliage leaves fall to the ground of the farm, erosion is controlled. The leaves act as barrier to the washing away of the soil and its top nitrients either by wind or water. The trees beautify the environment.
3. PESTS AND DISEASES: Disease and pest spread rapidly in monocropping. Since the crop all over the farm is the same, a disease that affect one crop has a great likelihood of affecting the others since they are at close range and of the same family, same goes for pests e.g maize streak disease in maize. Therefore the outbreak and spread of disease and pest places the farmer on the losing end. In forestry, when there's outbreak of pest and disease, the farmer doesn't lose so much as not all his trees are affected.
4. MAINTENANCE OF BALANCED ECOSYSTEM AND GREEN-HOUSE EFFECT: In a farm forest, the trees help to recycle greenhouse gases like carbondioxide, it maintains the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, sulphur cycle and other nutrient cycles. The ecosystem is kept in balance.
5. INCREASE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY: Planting of different trees on the farm increases the productivity of the farmer, sales of these product increases the income of farmer. In monocropping, the productivity of the farmer is low.
6. WISE USE OF LAND: In a case where you have so much land available, instead of monocropping, its wise and efficient to plant different species and varieties of trees.
NAME: TOBY SANDRA ALLWELL.
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5010001
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES.
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1.
In not more than 500 words, discuss the advantages forestry has over mono cropping.
Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farm for commercial purpose while monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land.
The advantages that the farm forestry has over monocropping is as follows:
PULP AND PAPER: These are very important substances and indispensable.Pulp is obtained by maceration of wood or breaking up of wood into its constituent cell.etc. while paper is a reconstructed wood product.
MEDICINAL PLANTS:Some farm forest plant have medicinal values which is used in curing different ailment. These plact include Azadiractha indica (neem/dongoyaro)etc.
SPICES: some farm forest species are used as spices for adding flavor to our meals. E.g xylopia aethipica
DYES AND STAINS: They produce what is used for body decorations and dyeing of clothes.The leaves of farm forest are also a provision for wild life habitat.
EXUDATES: Different farm forest species are known to produce exudates which are put into one use or ther other. Such exudates include tannins resins,gum ,latex,etc.E.g Rubber tree( Hevea brasilliencis) forest species other products includes: sponges,wrapping leaves, wine etc.
• Protection of the environment: farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are mangifera indica and dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
• Nitrogen fixation: in farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient
• Increase in productivity: forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
• High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
NAME: ETUK, ENOBONG, CHRISTOPHER.
ReplyDeleteDEPT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
MAT. NO: U2012/5020002
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING.
Farm Forestry is of more advantage than Monocropping because farm forestry produces multiple benefits for farmers, the environment and the wider community.
The benefits community derived from farm forestry is the environmental benefits which help protect our resources base of soil and water. This helps main Agriculture as a leading export industry for Western Australia while also allowing our consumer to enjoy competitive prices for produce grown our state.
A growing farm forestry industry creates many new Jobs in Rural areas, from raising and tending the trees through to harvesting, transporting and processing its products. Since Australia is presently a net importer of forest products, this ‘home-grown’ industry can reduce our reliance on overseas supplies and improves our balance of trade.
The benefit of farm forestry to farmers is that tree farming can boast farm income. Forestry companies are offering farmers high rents to grow blue gums in share farming arrangements on farmland. Tree Establishment, Management, Harvesting and Marketing are financed and organized by the companies, reducing the farmer’s risk. Earning from farm forestry add diversity to farm incomes and can provide a buffer against cyclical downturns in prices of other farm products such as wool and meat- Harvesting can be differed or brought forward to provide income when it is most needed.
Farm forestry in terms of shelter: trees and hedgerows are part of our cultural heritage and have always been highly valued by farmers for the shelter they provide for livestock and crop alike. As a farm forest grown, it will provide important and increasing shelter for adjoining fields (as well as farm building and house). Shelter from forestry and trees in general may reduce livestock, winter feed costs and veterinary bills, pesticide cost for more vigorous crops and heating bills for farm building.
Farm forestry offer valuable practical benefits to owners with indirect cost savings and additional revenue opportunities to contributes to the profitability of the overall farm enterprises, white Monocropping allows a farmer to specialized in one kind of plant. It is also an Agricultural practice in which the same crop is planted year after year, without practicing Crop Rotation or resting the soil. The advantages to this technique, it is environmentally questionable and can potentially lead to serious economic problems for farmers, as well. Many environmental advocates would like to see a shift away from this type of farming, as would people who work in the developing world.
Monocropping allows farmers to specialize in a particular crop, which means that he or she can invest in machinery designed specifically for that crop, along with high-yield seeds that generate a large volume of the crop at harvest.
Finally, while farm forestry covers diverse field, Monocropping has to do with basically the cultivation of one kind of crop.
NAME : OCHUBA ANGELA IBE
ReplyDeleteDEPT : FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
MAT NO: U2012/5020013
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Farm forestry can be defined as the incorporation of commercial tree crops into farming systems to complement conventional agriculture with new products as well as provide a capacity to enhance agricultural productivity and achieve better resource management.
Monocropping on the otherhand is practice of growing only one type of agricultural product in a large area of land, year after year without growing multiple crops on the same land. There are various advantages farm forestry has over monocropping.
In the farm forestry, by intercepting rainfall and removing water from the soil, trees can prevent saline ground water rising to the surface where its effect on agricultural production is disastrous. The trees in the farm forest can reduce waterlogging, and erosion caused by wind and water, whereas monocropping takes nutrients from the soil earth and leaves the soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. Due to the poor soil structure, fertilizers are used which in turn disturb the natural makeup of the soil. These fertilizers then make their way into the groundwater and become air-borne causing pollution.
Farm forestry helps for diversification when established as the monocrops are better able to withstand attacks from both insects and pests, thereby eliminating the need for pesticides. Also, due to its diversity if one agricultural product does not do well in a year, the farm forester has other products to gain from whereas in monocropping if the crop does not do well, the farmer loses having nothing else to gain from. Mono0cropping also reduces soil fertility since one crop is grown year after year but this is not seen in farm forestry. Farm forestry helps in recycling the nutrients.
Farm forestry creates many new jobs in rural areas, from raising and tending the trees through to harvesting, transporting and processing its products. The trees have greatly improved shade and shelter on the farm for stock and crops. They improve appearance of the farm landscape and add value to the property. It provides substantial environmental benefits such as watertable and salinity reduction.
Farm forestry is profitable, and it can make other agricultural enterprises more productive. The trees on the farm also provide environmental benefits. Due to their good growth, they provide farmers with opportunities to produce wood fibre to meet the expected growth in world demand. Farm forestry boosts farm income. Tree establishments, management, harvesting and marketing are financed and organized by the companies, reducing the farmer’s risk. The extra income and time give the farmers the freedom to start new projects or upgrade the rest of their farming enterprise.
In the farm, the forest trees can increase overall farm productivity through the beneficial effects of shelter on pastures, crops and livestock. This makes the farm forest a more interesting and enjoyable place to work and live.
NAME: EBEDE UYOYOUOGHENE PEACE
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5010029
DEPT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT ON FARM FORESTRY
ADVANTAGE OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONO-CROPPING
Mono-cropping refers to grown single or particular crop for a long period of time, that is growing the same crop year after year. In forestry mono-cropping refers to the planting of one species of trees.
Farm forestry on the other hand is a land management system that combines trees with crops or livestock or both on the same piece of land. It is the cultivation of high value specialty crop under a forest canopy that is intentionally modify to proved shade level and habitation that favours growth and enhance production level.
The advantages of farm forestry over mono-cropping are numerous. Some of which are:
When diverse plant species are planted, crop are able to withstand attack from both pest and insect unlike in mono-cropping where an outburst of disease affect all plant because they are uniform and are all susceptible to a pathogen (disease).
Trees provide shade and shelter for stock, windbreak for crops prevent erosion of soil, helps lower the water table to remediate saline soil, improved water quality, and all these cannot be achieved in mono-cropping.
Farm forestry create habitat for native animals and plant which mono-cropping cannot do.
There is less pest control and better pollination in farm forestry unlike in mono-cropping.
Farm forestry helps in increasing soil fertility due to the cultivation of different species unlike in mono-cropping where the soil fertility diminishes greatly because it’s the same crop that is being planted year after year.
In farm forestry pest and diseases are not easily spread around like in mono-cropping. Also farm forestry provide various resource for wild life that depend on dead trees unlike mono-cropping that provide limited resources for wild life that depend on dead trees because all the trees are the same.
Lastly in farm forestry the income receive is unpredictable and the amount compose required is reduce unlike in mono-cropping where the income is predictable and the compose required is much.
Agricultural Economics and extension
ReplyDeleteLambert Saviour
U2012/5015044
Mono-cropping is a system in agriculture where only one type of crop is planted on a piece of land for a particular time and period. This type of cropping is very favorable as it helps to promote crop yield because of less competition of sunlight, water, etc among the crops.
Farm forestry is the cultivation of trees on a farmland alongside some other crops.
Farm forestry has advantages over mono-cropping in many ways.
In mono-cropping, the farmer has only one source of income unlike Farm forestry where the farmer has more than one crop on his farm making him safer in case there is a fall in demand for a particular crop.
In farm forestry, trees act as wind barriers protecting the other crops and preventing erosion but in mono-cropping, the land is prone to erosion.
Unlike in mono-cropping, trees in farm forestry act as home for pollinating agents(insects and birds).
In mono-cropping, the farmer is bound to loose if a natural disaster occur, but in farm forestry, the farmer can harvest trees and make up for his loss
ASSIGNMENT ON:
ReplyDeleteADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of planting crop year after year for a single purpose on thesame land, in the absence of crop rotation. Monocropping can damage the soil structure (including depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients) increasing crop venerability to opportunistic insect, plant and microorganism. The result is a more fragile ecosystem with an increased dependency on pesticides and artificial fertilizer. Soil reduction is also a negative effect of monocropping nitrogen converts to unusable forms by nitrogen-fixing plants used in fallow fields. Monocrop farmers’ do not waste their crop when replenishing the nutrient can lead to plant burn.
Farm forestry can be defined as a practice of planting trees on then farm to produce fiber, food, timber and other human service, to protect the environment and increase nutrient around the farm.
The importance of farm forestry over monocropping planting of trees in farm can serve as shade (wind regulator) for crop example Azadirachta indica, Magifera indica, Psidium guajava. Farm forest can serve as provision services, services like,;
Erosion control; Farm forest helps to prevent soil erosion by converting drops to intercepted water and stem flow which when getting to the ground gradually flow along the soil but in monocropping water is capable of leaching the soil and eroding the soil process.
Medicinal plant can be gotten from farm forest parts, like roots, bark, fruits of some forest tree species are used, example Azadirachta indica for treatment of malaria. Farm forest can help in maintaining atmospheric equilibrium; trees absorb CO2, since CO2 helps in nitrogen fixation and help in photosynthesis.
Serves as home for to produce honey and generate more income, example is Pandamus candelabrum. Trees are deep rooted which helps in the performance of more nitrogen fixation, improvement of soil aeration. Also improves soil texture of plant, when leaves of trees falls on the ground, microbes decomposes leaves which improves soil texture which crop to grow, which results to great yield.
Wood can be gotten from farm forest examples are iroko (milicia excelsa). Trees like Leucaena leucocephta, Sebania sesba can be planted in the farm for soil to have more nutrients.
Farm forest is far better way to improve farm yield and farmer’s income other than monocropping which when fertilizer are added can lead to other damaging effect in man.
NAME: NWACHUKWU CLARE CHIKA
ReplyDeleteMAT. NO: U2012/5010012
DEPT: ANIMAL SCIENCE/ FISHERIES
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Farm Forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Forest grown on farms in combination with crops or used for grazing is referred to as ‘agroforestry’
Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the absence of crop rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land.
These are agricultural practices used by farmers but there are a lot of advantages which Farm forestry has over Monocropping. In Farm forestry the process can provide timber to the forest industry from private land, it also provides multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long term proposition. Trees can provide shade and shelter for stock, wind breaks for crops, prevent erosion of soil, help lower the water table to remediate saline soils, can improve water quality and create habitats for native animals and plants. Trees on farms are also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a properly.
Monocropping can damage the soil ecology (including depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients) and provide an unbuffered niche for parasitic species, increasing crop vulnerability to opportunistic insects, plants and micro organisms. The result is a more fragile ecosystem with an increased dependency on pesticides and artificial fertilizers. Monocropping as an agricultural strategy tends to emphasize the use of expensive specialized farm equipments- an important component in realizing its efficiency goals. This can lead to an increased dependency on fossil fuels and reliance on expensive machinery that cannot be produced locally and may need to be financed. Soil depletion is also a negative effect of monocropping. Crop rotation plays an important role in replenishing soil nutrients especially atmospheric nitrogen converted to usable forms by nitrogen fixing plants used in fallow fields.
Farm forestry offers farmers to opportunity to enhance agricultural production , control land degradation, enhance biodiversity and to diversify their income sources.
NAME: ODOM MARTINS .N.
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
COURSE: AGR 201.1 ASSIGNMENT
MATH NO: U2012/5005016
COURSE TITLE : GENERAL AGRICULTURE
In not more than 500words the advantage of farm forestry
Has over monocropping.
Farm forestry focus on tree function ,locating or arrangement and emphasis the expected benefit of farm farm forestry /agroforestry ,It can be defined incorporation of commercial trees growing into farmings system it can take many forms, plantations on farms woodlots timber belt, alleys, wider spaced tree planting and native forest.
While monocropping is the agricultural practical of growing a single crop year after year on same land, in the absence rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops I the same land ever eg.Corn, soyabeans.
Farm farestry have a lot of advantage over monocropping this including
Improving agricultural production by providing substantial environmental benefit such as water table and salinity reduction. It provide wood and fibre such as milliciaexcelsa, Naucleadiddarichi, tree farming can boost farm income, provide growers aiming to produce sawlong after 20 to30years can start earning income from thinng (for post and industrial wood ) after eight to twelve years blue gum for pulp Woods can be ready for harvest within 10years of planting egsterculiastetigera, Gmenlina arboreal.
It also give provisions of fuelwoodeg.plant we high calorific value such as Butrospermumparadoxum (Shea butter tree)
Trees can prevent saline ground water rising to the surface, where it's effect on agricultural production and nature conservation is disastrous.
Trees can reduce water logging and erosion cause by water and wind. A wind break can reduce wind speed across a padlock for a distance of 10 to 20 time it's tree height as well as providing an expended habitat for wildlife, tree planting can be design as buffer zone between agriculture and valuable natural assets such as water course and wetland.
Intensive livestock industries with nutrientrich effluent can the effluent profitable to grow trees and prevent the pollution of water resources the community derived many benefit from farm forestry for medicinal plants egg Azadirectaindica food and fruit such as maniferaindica
Monocropping is of more disadvantages to farm forestry, planting the same crop in the same place each year zaps nutrient from the earth and Levesque soil weak and unable to support health plant growth because soil structure and quality is so poor farmer are forced to used chemical fertilizer to encourage plant growth and fruit production this fertilizer in turn disrupt the natural make up of the soil and contribute further to nutrient depletion. Monocropping also great the spread of pests and diseases which must be treated with with yet more chemical the effects of monocropping in the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizer make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution monocropping can't not provide timber or wood for cooking, papermaking,habitat, shade or waterlogging.
Farm forestry help to control amount of carbon in air, reduce the intake of carbon monoxide for animal, farm forestry is more advantage than mono cropping.
NAME: EYEKPEGHA AKPOJICHEKO
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5010030
DEPT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT ON FARM FORSTRY AND MONOCROPPING
Farm forestry is a type of agroforestry practices that deals with cultivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade level and habitat that favours growth and enhance production. Mono-cropping is an agricultural practice of cultivating a single crop on a particular piece of land.
Farm forestry is a good practice as it help to increase the economics value of forest properties, providing short term and long term benefit while mono-cropping could lead to disruption of soil ecology and under some circumstance, which happen the farm land has loss so much nutrient and the farmer deciding to shift, relocate or extent his farm.
Another advantage farm forest has over mono-cropping is about soil erosion. Farm forest discourages soil erosion (water interception) but mono-cropping on the other hand cannot prevent soil erosion and soil nutrient is lost as a result. Farm forestry restored ecological balance due to the intentional manipulation by man to create desired forest ecosystem. Mono-cropping only bring about little ecological balance (exchange of gases for example) but causes depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrient and also provides an unstable niche for parasitic species.
Mono-cropping survives on increasing dependency on pesticide and fertilizers due to its fragile soil ecology. While farm forest trees and shrubs depend on the little or none of these pesticide and fertilizers. In adverse cases of disease or pest, total wipe out of crops in the mono-cropping system is likely to be the case. But if this unfortunate incidence occur in the farm forest, not all the species might be susceptible to such pest or diseases and such species would survive.
Farm forest provide benefits such as biodiversity, regeneration of soil, restoration of ground water supplies, control of flood and drought, outlets for NTFPS, constitution of ecological approach to forest management, conservation of wide life etc. while mono-cropping do not measure up to this standard.
NAME: OKONKWO JULIANA
ReplyDeleteFACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
COURSE CODE: AGR201.1
MAT.NO: U2012/5010003
QUESTION: DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING. IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS.
What is forestry? Forestry is practice of planting, managing and caring for forest. Then far forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes.
Monocropping: this is the agricultural practice of growing a single/ particular crop on the same land year upon years in the absence of rotation of other crops e.g. corn, soyabeans and wheat.
Forest farming is the cultivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favour growth and enhance level, i.e. non timber products if a single dries after yr the soil becomes useless and timber products.
Lacks to stable ecology in the absence of substantial irrigation and chemical “forest”, the soil dries up and begin to erode. As the soil becomes arid and useless, the need for more land.
Farm forestry unlike mono- cropping create habitats for native animals and plant, supplies timber to the forest industry form private land, and the trees planted is profitable, cause it makes other agricultural enterprises more productive and boost farm income.
Monocropping has an advantage in increasing food production especially in hunger prone regions. Monocropping farming is cheap i.e. treatment of fertilizer upon the whole area at the same time, and fewer kinds of equipment needed.
Advocates of monocropping tend to claim that in the absence of this farming, many human populations would be reduced to starvation or to a degraded level of civilization comparable to the “dark ages”.
Different species tree planted on the farm are used for various purposes e.g the stem, roots, leaves, fruits used as medicine, food, and the by products are also used for dye and stain, paper production, charcoal, broom, chewing stick, some species of trees have very high calorific value and are use as fuelwood e.g. shea-butter-tree. Trees can be planted on farming landscape without loss of agriculture, it adds value to the property like Geranial manu, Randia sp, tlacis guinecnsis, Azadirachta Indica, Baphia nitida etc. with farm forestry, less productive land can be turned into profit productivity land.
In mono cropping which deals with single crops farming system. In conclusion to this, farm forestry practice gives job opportunity to foresters, foreign exchange (import & export) in higher demand, and helps in developing the nation because of the products produced from it which made it more diverse.
NAME: ANYANWU ELENA AKUDO
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5015029
DEPT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
COURSE CODE:AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT ON
ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONO-CROPPING
FARM FORESTRY:
Farm forestry is the growing and used of trees on farms for commercial purposes. In other words, forest training is the cultivation of high-value specially crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favour growth and enhance production levels.
MONOCROPPING:Monocropping is the high yield agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the absence rotation through other crops. Corn, soybeans and wheat are three corn crops often growth using monocropping techniques.
The advantages of farm forest over monocropping.
1.INTENTIONAL: This is combinations of trees crops and animals are intentionally designed and managed as a whole unit rather than as individual elements which may occur in close proximity but are controlled separately.2.INTENSIVE: Agro-forestry practices are intensive managed to maintain their productive and protective functions, and often involve annual operations such as cultivation, fertilization.3.INTERACTIVE: Agro-forestry management seeks to actively manipulate the biological and physical interactions between the tree, crop and animal components. The goal to enhance the production of more than one harvestable components at a time while also providing conservation benefit such as non-point source water pollution, control or wildlife habitat. 4.INTEGRATED: The tree, crop and or animal components are structured and functionally combined into a single, integrated management unit. Integration may be horizontal or vertical, and above or below-ground. A wide range of agro-forestry combinations may be grouped into five basic types of practices.1)ALLEY CROPPING: This practice combines trees, planted in single or grouped rows with agricultural or horticultural crops which are cultivated in the wide alley between the tree rows. High-value hardwoods are typically grown in alley cropping combinations. Annual crops (e.g. row crops, forage and vegetables) cultivated between row of nut or fruit trees provides extra income before the trees come into bearing and early in the long term timber rotation. Depending on tree spacing, short-rotation tree may be interplanted within and crops.2)WINDBREAKS: windbreaks are planted and managed as part of a crop or live stock operation to enhance crop population, protect livestock and control soil erosion. 3)RIPARIAN BUFFER STRIPS: It consist of strips of perennial vegetation (tree/shrub/grass) planted between crop land or pastures and streams, lake, wetlands, ponds or damage ditches. They cal also stabilize stream banks, protect floodplains, enhance aquatic and terrestrial habitat, improve landscape appearance, provide harvestable products and function as a windbreak in some situation.4)SILVOPASTURE: This practice combines trees with forage (pasture or hay) and livestock production in plantations of softwood or hardwood trees managed for timber or short-rotation trees, grazing provides a source of income during the early years of the rotations. Some nut and fruits trees areas may also be grazed to produce income before the trees begin bearing. Silvopasture is different from tradition forest or range management because it is intentionally created and intensively managed. 5)FOREST FARMING: This practice utilizes a forested area for producing specially ornamental or culinary uses. Shade tolerant crops as ginseng, decorative ferns, orchids or mushrooms are intensively cultured under a forest cover that has been modified to provide the correct level of shade.Forest farming can provide annual regular income either before or as an alternative to harvesting the trees for wood products.
ASSIGNMENT ON:
ReplyDeleteADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Monocropping is the act and practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area of land year after year. Monocropping can damage the soil structure (including depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients) increasing crop venerability to opportunistic insect, plant and microorganism. The result is a more fragile ecosystem with an increased dependency on pesticides and artificial fertilizer. Soil reduction is also a negative effect of monocropping nitrogen converts to unusable forms by nitrogen-fixing plants used in fallow fields. Monocropping farmers’ do not waste their crop when replenishing the nutrient can lead to plant burn.
Farm forestry can be defined as a practice of planting trees on the farm to produce fiber, food, timber and other human service, to protect the environment and increase nutrient around the farm.
The importance of farm forestry over monocropping; farm forestry present an opportunity to increase long term wood supply thereby yield economic income. Farm forestry offers unique habitat for wildlife.
Erosion control; Farm forest helps to prevent soil erosion by converting drops to intercepted water and stem flow which when getting to the ground gradually flow along the soil but in monocropping water is capable of leaching the soil and eroding the soil process.
Medicinal plant can be gotten from farm forest parts, like roots, bark, fruits of some forest tree species are used, example Azadirachta indica for treatment of malaria. Farm forest can help in maintaining atmospheric equilibrium; trees absorb CO2, since CO2 helps in nitrogen fixation and help in photosynthesis.
Serves as home for to produce honey and generate more income, example is Pandamus candelabrum. Trees are deep rooted which helps in the performance of more nitrogen fixation, improvement of soil aeration. Also improves soil texture of plant, when leaves of trees falls on the ground, microbes decomposes leaves which improves soil texture which crop to grow, which results to great yield.
Wood can be gotten from farm forest examples are Iroko (Milicia excelsa). Trees like Leucaena leucocephta, Sebania sesba can be planted in the farm for soil to have more nutrients.
Farm forest is far better way to improve farm yield and farmer’s income other than monocropping which when fertilizer are added can lead to other damaging effect in man.
The old dead and dying trees in a forest provides food and nesting, also the species used for farm forestry play an important role in addressing salinity.
Farm forestry produces raw material for our developing country.
NAME: OLADEJO EMMANUEL GBENGA.
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5015017.
DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION.
Mono-cropping refers to the practice of growing only one type of agricultural product in a large area of land, year after year. However, mono-cropping ultimately imposes additional cost on society (e.g. environmental damage and human health threats) soil degradation results from the common practice of not rotating crop in monoculture farming while farm forestry is the cultivation of high value specialty crops under the canopy that is intentional modified and maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production level.
Farm forestry is of more advantage than mono cropping in several ways. For instance maize is a mono crop in which after been harvested the only by product we derived from it is maize seed only in the case of single farm forestry product we can obtain varieties of utility.
Farm forestry product provides shelter for wild animals and also provides food for man and animals. Also, nuts, spices and vegetables which supply minerals and vitamins to man are obtained from the forest produce.
Wood is also one of the major products of farm forest. The wood is converting to forms that are useful in the human economy. Some products of wood are poles, panels, pulp for making paper, fuel, chemicals, swain timber ply wood, match sticks. Most of the this wood product serve as a means of foreign exchange i.e. sent to abroad for furniture making.
Farm forest product also help in erosion control by converting rain drop to intercepted water and stem flow which when getting to the forest floor, slowly flow along the soil surface unlike through fall which is capable of loosing soil particles and eroding the soil in the process.
Moreover forest product also helps in atmospheric equilibrium where they are found. When trees are cut off for developmental construction a gap is created in oxygen and carbodioxide which is not desirable. Trees absorb the carbon dioxide man and animal breath out and utilities it during photosynthesis why the later use the byproduct of photosynthesis i.e. oxygen during respiration.
Furthermore farm forest product also provides non timber forest product like chewing stick which is used for cleaning the mouth mortal and pestle used for crushing grains and pounding food items, cane product for making beautiful tables chairs racks, sponges, brooms, wrappers, medicinal plants, honey and charcoal which can never gotten from mono-crops.
ESTHER EZINWO
ReplyDeleteU2012/5020016
FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MGT.
AGR201.1
FARM FORESTRY IS MORE BENEFICIAL THAN MONOCROPPING
Monocropping; also known as poly-culture, is the art of growing a single crop for more than a year, on the same piece of land, in the absence of rotation. Corn, soybean and wheat are the three common crops often grown using mono-cropping techniques.
Contrarily, Farm forestry is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade and habitat that favor growth and enhance production levels. For example Mahogany and Cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale)
Below are the advantages of Farm forestry over Monocropping:
Environmental Conservation: Farm forestry improves air quality by lowering the temperature, filtering dust, abating pollution, absorbing carbon monoxide, sulphur and nitrogen oxides, airborne ammonia, heavy metals and then releasing oxygen. It absorbs excess CO2 in the environment and gives off O2 which is necessary for respiration in humans. It combats the release of harmful chemical substances and checks global warming. Monocropping distorts a stable ecology, in the absence of substantial irrigation and chemical fertilizer the soil can become dry and begin to erode. As the soil becomes arid and useless, the need for more land becomes an issue, leading to the destruction of even more layers of the soil.
Biodiversity: Forests are home to increasing diverse biological species. It provides habitats for life to flourish on land particularly in the case of tropical rainforests where up to 90% of the planet’s fauna and flora species live. Tropical forests possess the highest level of biodiversity and therefore provide the biggest genes reservoir. Products from the trees will provide additional income Monocropping depletes soil nutrients and can result in deforestation under certain conditions. It relies on the use of chemical fertilizers to restore plant nutrients.
Income and Revenue: forests can provide income for individual farmers, state, and federal government through tourism, raw materials, employment opportunities, and foreign exchange. Whereas monocropping causes the soil surface to dry up and so causes erosion. Provision of Habitat: the forests, most especially the tropical forests are home to majority of the world’s diverse species.
Aesthetic Value: Trees are of immense value to the environment. Tree plantings add value to the environment and residential properties; it stops the development of salt patches. Forests help check and control salinity. It improves the appearance of landscape unlike monocropping which leads to deforestation.
NAME: ATIEMWEN FRANCIS OWEN
ReplyDeleteDEPT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
MAT NO: U2012/5020036
COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL AGRICULTURE
CODE: AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT
ADVANTAGE OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONO-CROPPING
• Farm forestry has to do with the practice of planting trees for food, fuel wood, timber, fodder etc and it provides shade for farm animals while mono-cropping has to do with the practice of growing plants for production of one particular crop such as maize. Therefore forest trees have more importance than mono-cropping plants in the society or in terms of economic growth such as goods and services(import and export). Forest trees have more importance than mono-cropping in terms of production of food for human and animals, timber, fuelwood and medicine
• Forest trees does not only base on the production of food like the mono-cropping plants trees protects the environment and improve the living conditions around a farm such as shelter, shade and play a vital role in preventing soil erosion and sustaining soil fertility. Also plants play an important plant tradition farming system in the tropics,not just as food and cash crops but also serve as fuel and fodder bin the tropics. Serves as environmental benefits and the farmers use trees as fallow vegetation, hedges, wind break, erosion barriers etc
• Forest tree cast their shade over man and beast and provide shelter against strong wind, hot sun and lashing rain. not only man and beast but also companion crops, the soil and the entire environment benefit from the protective function. The forest trees protect the soil against erosion and helps to pump nutrient from deep down the soil which end up in the top soil when the tree litter decay, (replenishing the fertility of the top soil which aid rapid growth of trees). The trees helps to shape the landscape and have a moderating influence on the climate. Forest trees serve medicinal purpose such AZADIRACATA INDICA for malaria treatment. Forest tree can be used a variety of products such as chewing stick, mortar and pestle, cane products, wine, dye and stain, sponge, wrapper, brooms etc forest trees can serve different purposes.
NAME: AWE ABIMBOLA MICHAEL
ReplyDeleteDEPT: AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
MAT NO: U2012/5015042
COURSE:INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL AGRICULTURE
CODE: AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT
In not more than five hundred words discuss the advantages farm forestry has over mono-cropping
Forestry can be define as the science, art and practice of understanding, managing and using wisely the natural resources associated with the forest while mono-cropping is the cultivation or growth of a single crop especially on forest land which is marked by homogeneity. Forest farming has a wide range of advantage over mono-cropping which ranges from social, economic, cultural and traditional benefits to the human race
Farm forestry helps to stabilize the climate in general, the plants helps to enrich the soil by recycling the nutrients via the shedding of leaves, seeds and the fixation of nitrogen by some nitrogen fixing bacteria such as nitrobacter, nitrosomonas etc. farm forestry also serve water storm control when rain event occurs, trees diffuse and absorb the initial moisture, water is released gradually over a long period of time than in areas used mainly for mono-cropping. Forest trees play a very vital role in the purification of our air, when breathing they absorb carbon-dioxide and release oxygen to the atmosphere.
In addition farm forestry produce a wide range of economic importance which include employment opportunities to the human race in the long run and boost the economy of the country in form of investment in the forest to enhance tourism, recreation, education and conservation of site with cultural or traditio0nal importance. The forest also provide man with some medicinal material, most of the drugs manufacture and prescribed by medical practioners are gotten from the extract of some specific tropical plants and animals. Most crops grown in mono-cropping are used mainly for food for man and hays to feed animals. In essence human health is linked directly to the conservation of the forest.
Further more the forest tree canopy serve as shade in the control of sunlight, air and water to the seedlings and they also serve as wind break to the environment and serve as a perfect habitat for some animals e.g. monkey, squirrel etc. Tress reduce rain impact and slow water movement that can cause erosion and stabilizes water temperature and greatly improve wildlife habitat
More so the forest also helps to increase the level of employment in forestry and as forestry activities occurs in rural area that are often poorer than the average it gives some indication of the sectors contribution to poverty alleviation
In conclusion in farm forestry we have a very powerful tool to fight air pollution and global warming and help to filter out harmful ultra violet ray from the surface of the earth.
NAME: IWUAMADI PRECIOUS CHIDINMA
ReplyDeleteDEPT: FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
MAT NO: U2012/5020038
COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL AGRICULTURE
CODE: AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT
Discuss the advantages of farm forestry over mono-cropping
Farm forest provides multiple benefits to farmer making them and attractive long term proposition. Trees provide shade and shelter for stock, windbreak, for crops, prevents erosion of soil helps to lower the water table to remediate sunlight soil, can improve water quality and create habitat for animals.
Trees produce oxygen animals and man so as to maintain life on earth. Forest trees also act as a great filter that cleans the air we breathe while mono-cropping can’t do trees clean the soil, the term phytoremedation is a fancy word for the absorption of dangerous chemical and other pollutant that have entered the soil. Trees can either store harmful pollutants and change the pollutants into less harmful forms, it reduce the effect of animal waste, clean road side spills and clean water runoff into stream. Trees also control noise pollution, trees planted at strategic points in a neighborhood or around in house abort major noise from far away and airport.
A forest is a carbon storage area or a sink that can lock up as much carbon as it produces. This locking process stores carbon as wood and green house gas forest trees shade and cool and reduce the effect of ultra violet rays. The forest provides some special functions such as tourism recreation, cultural and traditional benefits, forest trees does not base on the production of food as in mono-cropping plants trees protects the environment and improve living condition around a farm such as shelter, prevents soil erosion and sustaining soil fertility. Forest tree cast their shade over man and animals and provide shelter against strong wind and hot sun.
Trees serve as storm control against water in the event of rain, forest helps to stabilize the climate in general, the plants helps to enrich the soil by recycling the nutrients through the shedding of leaves and seeds, forest also help to regulate the water cycle by absorbing water equally to every species within its range. Forest trees can be used to produce products such as chewing stick, dye and stain, and serve as medicine for curing of some human diseases.
NAME: Anita Waye Dibite
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT: Crop and Soil Science
LECTURER: Dr. Uzoma Darlington Chima
COURSE: Agric 201.1
MAT. NO: U2012/5005026
QUESTION: IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS, DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING.
Monocropping is the practice of cultivating a single kind of crop over large areas of land year after year for the purpose of commercial gain. The aim is to reap the highest possible gains with minimum labour cost. Farm forestry is the deliberate and strategic cultivation of forest trees merged with growing a wide range of high-value plants and crops with diverse uses, and even livestock, with the aim of creating a rich, balanced ecological system that offers not only commercial advantage but an all-inclusive support and sustenance to the environment and the farmers.
Whilst moncropping has a justifiable aim and benefit, Farm forestry has several clear advantages over it. The multi-layered foliage canopy offered by forest trees of different heights and kinds protects the soil and plants from the direct impact of solar radiation and from rains, reducing soil run-offs, thus reducing erosion. The trees act as natural fences and windbreakers, preventing crop damage and shielding off wind-driven pathogens. The rich root network provided by the diversity of vegetation creates a firm hold for the soil. This feature is wholly absent in monocropping which allows for systematic erosion. Monocropping makes crops vulnerable and prone to diseases. However, because of the great biodiversity existent in farm forests, the different species achieve balance and higher natural resistance against themselves making them more resistant to disease or the attack of some insects. The rich vegetation cleans and purifies the air and water, preserves air and soil moisture levels and controls climate conditions. The natural cycle of growth of the vegetation and animals organically replenishes and enriches the soil, increasing and preserving fertility, whereas with monocropping together with the accompanied use of fertilizers, soil structure and quality diminishes. This creates an imbalance in the ecosystem whilst farm foresting helps to restore and restore this balance.
Farmers are able to benefit from the diversification of farm forestry through deriving harvests from several kinds of crops all year round. Even when there is damage and loss due to disease of one crop, farmers will still benefit from unaffected crops. The advantages of farm forestry over monocropping are many and obvious because farm forestry deliberately seeks not only to create financial benefit for farmers but also achieve long-term ecological balance, health and productivity, which ultimately produces better crops, a better environment, harmony between man and nature, and hence happier human beings.
NAME: CHIMAOBI OBIAGWU
ReplyDeleteDEPT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FORESTRY
MAT NO: U2012/5010004
Farm forestry have a lot of advantages over mono cropping.
Farm forestry never zaps nutrients from the earth and is so strong and able to support healthy plant growth. Unlike mono cropping which leave its soil weak, it will also zap nutrient from the soil because it involves planting same crop in the same place.
Mono cropping soils will not be able to support healthy plant growth causing its weak soil. Because soil structure and quality is so poor, farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizers to encourage plant growth and fruit production. Such is never done, in farm forestry farmers never use chemicals to encourage forest trees growth or fruit production because the leave litters and by products from the forest leaves the soil or its land fertile and strong to support heavily plant growth and fruit production.
Fertilizers in turn (mono cropping) disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and contribute to further nutrient depletion but such is never experience in farm forestry. In farm forestry the spreading of pests and diseases are not in speedy spread and cannot result to massive destruction of plants. But in mono cropping it creates the spread of pests and diseases, which must be treated with yet move chemicals. The effect of mono cropping on the environment is severe when pesticides and fertilizers make their way into ground water or become airborne and thereby creating pollution. But such is not observed in forestry. And above all the product of farm forestry are in much advantage than when compared with mono cropping, mono cropping yields only one type products example maize gives you only corn while oil bean produces both timber, roots, and herbs, and the oil beans. Above all farm forestry have a lot of advantages over monocropping.
monoculture field is a very simple system. Soil preparation, irrigation and chemical inputs can all be focused on the needs and preferences of a single plant species. This allows the field to be heavily specialized towards producing maximum yields for a specific crop. Pests and disease can be treated without considering the effects of the treatment on any other plants. The uniformity of a monoculture field is especially important in harvesting, since the desirable parts of a plant can be easily collected using straightforward techniques which would often be highly destructive to other crops sharing the same field.
ReplyDeleteDisease and Pests
Monoculture fields are vulnerable to widespread outbreaks of diseases and pests. If a particular disease can infect a single plant in a monoculture field, it can by extension infect every other plant in the field. An infected plant in this situation is surrounded by nothing but vectors for further infection. Likewise, if a pest is able to attack a plant in a monoculture, it is surrounded by other vulnerable plants, which can lead to a population explosion in short order.
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A single plant species is unable to take full advantage of any environment, due to variables such as mineral and nutritional needs, root depth and metabolic byproducts. Planting a monoculture crop in the same area for extended periods depletes resources required by that plant species while neglecting available resources other plant species can take advantage of. Crop rotation can help mitigate this problem, but it often involves planting less profitable or lower yield crops, or leaving the land entirely fallow for entire growing seasons.
Ecology
Monoculture crops do not provide a rich habitat for other flora and fauna. Other plants are undesirable by the definition of monoculture farming and are actively discouraged. Animals are presented with a uniform environment that may fulfill some of their requirements, but it may lack all the features of a habitat. In the case of widespread monoculture agriculture, this may lead to the extinction or relocation of entire species in certain areas.
ASSIGNMENT ON;
ReplyDeleteADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
Farm forestry is the practice or growing of commercial trees for various purposes. Forest farming is the cultivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance productivity levels.
Monocropping
This is an agricultural practice in which the same crop is planted year after year on the same land in the absence of rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land (Polyculture).
Monocropping is controversial as it can damage the soil ecology (including depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients) and provide an unbuffered niche for parasitic species, increasing crop vulnerability to opportunistic insects, plantand microorganisms. The result is a more fragile ecosystem with an increased dependency on pesticides and artificial fertilizers.
A farm forestry can also provide multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long term preposition. Trees can provide shade and shelter for stock, wind breaks for crops prevent erosion of soil, can improve water quality and create habitats for native animals and plants. Trees on farm are also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a property.
One difficulty with monocropping is that the solution to one problem-whether economic, environmental or political may result in a cascade of other problems. For example a well-known concern is pesticides and fertilizers seeping into surrounding soil and ground water from extensive monocropped acreage in the U.S and Abroad.
Farm forestry produces multiple benefits for farmers, environment and the wider community. This includes:
Benefits for farmers
Tree farming can boost farm income. Blue gums for pulpwood can be ready for harvest within 10years of planting. Forestry companies are offering farmers high rents to grow bluegum in share farming arrangements on farm land.
Earnings from farm forestry add diversity to farm incomes and can provide a buffer against cyclical downturns in prices of farm products such as wool and meat.
Benefits for the Environment
By intercepting rainfall and removing water from the soil, trees can prevent saline ground water rising to the surface, when its effect on agricultural production and nature conservation is disastrous.
Trees can reduce water logging and erosion caused by water and wind. Farm forestry windbreaks provide protection for livestock, crops and pastures. Intensive livestock industries with nutrient-rich effluent can use the effluent profitably to grow trees and prevent the pollution of water resources.
Benefits to the community
The community derives many benefits from farm forestry for example, environmental benefits help protect our resource base of soil and water.
A growing farm forestry industry creates many new jobs in rural areas from raising and tending the trees through to harvesting, transporting and processing its products.
In summary farm forestry has these advantages over monocropping
Reduced soil erosion
Carbon sequestration
Increased indigenous biodiversity
Improved animal welfare with shade and shelter.
NAME: ADIGWE MIRACLE OLUCHI
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: U2012/5010020
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
The main goal of foresting is to create forests to provide environmental supplies and services forest ecosystem has come to be seen as the most important component of the biosphere.
Forestry cloud be seen as the science and art of creating, managing using conserving and repairing forests and associated resources to meet desired goals, needs and values for human. Benefit it is practiced in plantations naturalist stands.
Foresters develop and implement forest management plans relying on mapped resources inventories showing an area’s topographical features as its distribution of trees (by special) an other plants covers. Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant special over a wide are and for a large number of consecutive years.
Mono cropping can lead to the quicker spread of pests and disease, where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen. A huge problem with growing any crop in a monoculture is that once the land has been used to agriculture for single specie, soil fertility diminishes greatly. Since all plants in a monoculture are genetically similar, if a disease strikers to which they have no resistance, it can destroy entire population of crops.
While Mono cropping which is planting the same crop each year. Zaps nutrient from the earth and leaves the soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. It reduces soil structure fertilizers to encourage plant growth and fruit production but in forestry, there is no need of fertilizer as the soil structure is improved by the activities of forest species.
Good management plans include consideration of future conditions of the stand after any recommended harvest treatments and plans for natural or artificial regeneration after final harvests. Plans instruct the sustainable harvesting and replacement of trees, foresters consider tree felling and environmental legislation when developing plans and that is not the case in mono cropping.
The climax vegetation of the humid tropics in high forest produces the greatest sustainable rate of biomass formation. It captures all solar radiation year-round.
Fertilizers used in mono cropping, disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and contribute further to depletion of nutrients. It also creates the spread of pest and diseases which must be treated with yet more chemical.
The effect of mono cropping on the environment are sever when pesticides and fertilizers make their way into ground water or be come air borne, creating pollution to the environment.
In conclusion, having forestry, keeps the nature in balance and the disruption to the balance due to mono cropping often reduces the innate ability of a thriving ecosystem to regenerate the soil and pollution plants.
By venture of the different layers of foliage. The layer of leaves, twigs and bunches absorb the incoming energy of tropical rains forms, thus protection the soil. Organic matter on the forest floor is protected from direct sun. Run off is reduced so that more water is available for plant growth and extensive root systems explore the while soil profile for nutrients.
UGOEZI PATIENCE
ReplyDeleteU2012/5010046
ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
GENERAL AGRICULTURE AGR 201.1
Farm forestry is the name given to programmes which promote commercial trees. It is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing or producing a single crop or plants species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. In forestry monoculture refers to the planting of one species of crops. Monocropping provide great yields and more efficient harvesting than natural stand of trees. Single species stands of trees are often the natural way trees grow, but the stands show a diversity in tree sizes, with dead trees mixed with mature and young trees. In forestry monoculture stand that are planted and harvested provide limited resources for wildlife that depends on dead trees and opening. Since all the trees are of same size they are most often harvested as clear cutting which drastically alters the habitat. The mechanical harvesting of trees can compact soil which can adversely affect understorey growth. Single species planting of trees also are more vulnerable when infected with a pathogens or are attacked by insects and by adverse environmental conditions because it consists of only one species of trees onlike in farm forest.
NAME: WOKOCHA DIANA
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: U2012/5010002
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
Forestry cloud be seen as the science and art of creating, managing using conserving and repairing forests and associated resources to meet desired goals, needs and values for human. Benefit it is practiced in plantations naturalist stands.
The main goal of foresting is to create forests to provide environmental supplies and services forest ecosystem has come to be seen as the most important component of the biosphere. Foresters develop and implement forest management plans relying on mapped resources inventories showing an area’s topographical features as its distribution of trees (by special) an other plants covers. Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant special over a wide are and for a large number of consecutive years.
While Mono cropping which is planting the same crop each year. Zaps nutrient from the earth and leaves the soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. It reduces soil structure fertilizers to encourage plant growth and fruit production but in forestry, there is no need of fertilizer as the soil structure is improved by the activities of forest species.
Mono-cropping can lead to the quicker spread of pests and disease, where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen. A huge problem with growing any crop in a monoculture is that once the land has been used to agriculture for single specie, soil fertility diminishes greatly. Since all plants in a mono-culture are genetically similar, if a disease strikers to which they have no resistance, it can destroy entire population of crops.
Good management plans include consideration of future conditions of the stand after any recommended harvest treatments and plans for natural or artificial regeneration after final harvests. Plans instruct the sustainable harvesting and replacement of trees, foresters consider tree felling and environmental legislation when developing plans and that is not the case in mono-cropping.
The climax vegetation of the humid tropics in high forest produces the greatest sustainable rate of biomass formation. It capture all solar radiation year-round
By venture of the different layers of foliage. The layer of leaves, twigs and bunches absorb the incoming energy of tropical rains forms, thus protection the soil. Organic matter on the forest floor is protected from direct sun. Run off is reduced so that more water is available for plant growth and extensive root systems explore the while soil profile for nutrients.
Fertilizers used in mono-cropping, disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and contribute further to depletion of nutrients. It also creates the spread of pest and diseases which must be treated with yet more chemical.
The effect of mono-cropping on the environment are sever when pesticides and fertilizers make their way into ground water or be come air borne, creating pollution to the environment.
In conclusion, having forestry, keeps the nature in balance and the disruption to the balance due to mono-cropping often reduces the innate ability of a thriving ecosystem to regenerate the soil and pollution plants.
NAME: HART PRECIOUS EMMANUEL
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT: FORESTRY AND WIDELIFE MANAGEMENT
MAT. NO.: U2012/5020011
Farm forestry is known as the cultivating of more than one specie of plant of crop on a wide area of land.
Monocropping is the cultivation of only one type of plant.
In farm forestry where polycroping is done, when any plant is infected, it does not affect all the plants in the farm, which means you can discontinue with a particular specie and continue with other while in monocroping its not done that way, which makes the farmer prone to making losses.
Farm forest improve the health of the forest and increased income opportunities.
The main goal of sustainable land use and forest management is to harvest the trees for lumber and other wood products and harvest the shade tolerant plants for non timber.
When the forest is correctly manage, there will be a higher economic yield and higher biodiversity in the forest.
It increases the landowners income.
Forest farming as a sustainable land use practice employ, the principles of taking an existing forest structure and intentionally reshaping it in order to create the most beneficial components for economic and ecological growth.
Shade loving plants such as mushrooms ginseng and golden seal can be grown in the forest under story and provide short term crop income for the landowner while waiting on the trees to mature and harvest.
Diseases and pest spread quickly in monocroping if that kind of crop does not do well in that years condition the farmer is going to lose out. You do not have something else that might be doing well.
If a single crop is grown year after year the soil becomes useless. If crops are rotated nutrients while a chance to be replenished.
As a result of monocropping, which is commonly practice in growing cash crops in plantation scale the production of certain food crops may become limited.
Continuous monocropping is like wise associated with soil degradation and proliferation of insect, pests and disease pathogens.
Tree farming can boost farm income
Integrated farm forestry can make an excellent landscape, add to a farmer’s market value and make it more interesting and enjoyable place to live and work.
Earning from farm forestry add diversity to farm incomes and can provide a buffer against cyclical downturns in prices other farm products such as wool and meat.
Forest aids in the purification of air that we breath as humans. Plants and trees provides us with all of important ingredients for many modern day medicines. They also help to regulate our cycle by absorbing and redistributing rain water equally to all species on the planet. This process is more commonly known as the economy of water.
Forest are important for balancing our climate in general.
NAME: EJEAGBA IJEOMA
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5015049
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC AND EXTENSION
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONO-CROPPING
Farm forestry can be defined as the incorporation of commercial tree growing into farming systems, it can take many forms such as plantations on farms woodlots, timber bets, alloys, wide-spaced tree plantings, and native forests.
It is also the commitment of resources by farmers, alone or in partnerships, towards the establishment or management of forests on their land. While Mono-cropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land.
Farm forestry can supply timber to the forest industry from private land. It also provides multiple benefits to farmers making them an attractive long term proposition. The trees can provide shade and shelter for stock, wind breaks for crops, prevent erosion of sort, help lower the water table to remediate saline soils, can improve water quality and create habitats for nature animals and plants.
Trees on farm are also attractive and can improve the aesthetic appeal of a property. They improve health of the forest and increase income opportunity: Farm forest is a sustainable land use practice which employs the principle of taking an existing forest structure and intentionally reshaping with the intention and purpose of creating the most beneficial components for economic and ecological development. While mono-cropping laps nutrients from the earth and leaves soil and unable to support healthy plant growth, due to the lack of soil structure and poor quality of the soil, the farmers are focused on using chemical fertilizers to encourage efficient plant growth and fruit production. And this in-turn disrupts the natural composition of the soil and nutrient depletion.
The effects of mono-cropping on the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizers when pesticides and fertilizers make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution and also creates easy access of pests and diseases which must be treated with yet more chemicals, that will cause more harm to the soil.
NAME: AKUNETO GLORY CHIOMA
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5010037
DEPARTMENT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL AGRICULTURE
COURSE LECTURER: DR. U.D. CHIMA
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOMCROPPING
Forestry can be defined as a science managing, creating conserving repairing forestry and associated resources to meet desired goals and needs or it can also be define as cultivation of high value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is internationally modified or maintained to provide shade revels and habitat that growth and enhance production level.
Farm forestry produce multiple benefits for farmers, and environment and the wider community.
Forestry companies are offering farmers high rent and 2 grow blue gums in share farming arrangements on farm land. Tree, establishment, management, harvesting, marketing, and financially organized by the companies to reduce the farmers risks
Earnings from farm forestry add diversity to farm incomes and can provide a buffer against cyclical downturns in price of other farm products such as wood and meat.
For the environment: By intercepting rainfall, and removing water from the soil, trees can prevent saline ground water rising to the surface, where its effect on agricultural production and nature conservation is disastrous. Trees can reduce water logging erosion caused by wind.
Community benefits from Farm forestry: The community derives many benefits from farm forestry for example environmental benefits help to protect our resources, bases on soil and water. This helps to maintain agriculture as lead export industry for Western Australia.
A growing farm forestry creates many news job in rural areas from raising and tending the trees through harvesting, transporting and processing it product.
Monocropping: Is an agricultural practice in which the same crop is panted year after year, without practicing crop rotation or resting the soil.
Monocropping: can lead to quicker spread of pests and diseases, where a uniform is susceptible to pathogen.
It can damage soil ecology
It provides an unbuffered niche for parastice species
With respect to cong-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability
Advocates of monocropping tend to calm that in its absence many human population would be reduce to starvation or to a degraded level of civilization comparable to the dark ages.
Planting and same crop in the same place each year caps nutrients from the earth and leaves soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. Because soil structure and quality is so poor.
Name: Okafor NNamdi Ugochukwu
ReplyDeleteDept: Agriculture Economics and Extension
Mat No: U2012/5015036
Farm forestry is the cultivation and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land without practicing crop rotation or resting the soil.
Monocropping deals with only one particular crop from which only one food benefit can be gotten from it, for example for maize plant, only corn can be gotten from it, Pest and diseases spread quickly and nutrients in the soil are lost as there is no crop rotation as compared with farm forestry where there is nitrogen fixation, nutrient pumping etc.
Farm forestry offer both environmental and economic gains and these include:
Environmental Gain: improved water quality and reduced soil erosion, along with landscape, biodiversity and recreational values. Healthy forests in critical catchments reduce flood damage downstream and therefore reduce the cost to society from such events. By encouraging the use of timber and timber products, these wider environmental values are recognised. Trees also have impacts on climate change.
Soil Quality: plant enrich the soil by recycling the nutrient through the shedding of leaves,but in mono-cropping due to consistent cultivation in same place, plant nutrients are lost and soil is
weak and unable to support healthy plant growth because the structure and quality of the soil will be poor.
Bigger Job Opportunity: A growing farm forestry industry creates many new jobs in rural areas, from raising and tending the trees through to harvesting, transporting and processing its products,E.G( Australia is presently a net importer of forest products, this 'home-grown' industry can reduce their reliance on overseas supplies, and improve their balance of trade.
Economy of Water: plants regulates water cycle by absorbing and re distributing rain water quite equally to the every species living within its range.
Diversity: Farm forestry are more diverse. In mono-cropping only a particular type of crop is planted but in farm forest there are many types of
crops and trees planted for diverse purposes.
Medicinal materials: most amount of drugs we use are extracted from plants,Eg
bloodroot,ginseng,mayapple etc.
Erosion Control: roots of trees in farm forest help to discourage soil erosion and depletion. In mono-cropping erosion is a challenge because the way it is practiced.
Plants purify the air by absorbing carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This helps to fight against air pollution and global warming.
Farm forestry provide all the above multiple benefits to both farmers and local and national timber industry making them an attractive long tern proposition whereas, monocropping can only provide a single or particular benefit
ADVANTAGE FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONO-CROPPING
ReplyDeleteForestry is the planting of trees, preservation of animals, nurturing of tress and other materials for income augment, ecological, economic, and social wellbeing. Monocropping in another case is the planting of only one type of crop.
Forestry provide many different type of Plant, trees and herbs which are useful to man and its environment while monocropping which is the planting of sole plant restrict us to just the benefit of that crop which when they extinct, depending of the duration of its growth is of no benefits again.
In terms of benefit for farmers, farm forestry or tree farming can boost farm income. Private growers aiming to produce saw log after 20 to 30 years can start earning income from thinning (for post and industrial wood), after 8 to 12 years, blue gums for pulpwood can be ready for harvest within 10 years of planting. Animal that live in the forest can serve as income to farmers who may decide to hunt them for food or for sale. Earning from forestry and diversity to farm income can provide a buffer against cyclical downturn, in prices of other farm product such as wool and meat. Harvesting can be differed or brought forward to provide income when it is most needed. Some growers use investment in longer rotation tree crops as a kind of superannuation. As for monocropping, production of certain crops may become limited.
In term of benefit to the community, farm forestry gives so many benefits to the community for example; environmental benefit helps protect the resource base of soil and water. This helps to maintain agriculture as a leading export industry for many countries while also allowing consumers to enjoy competitive price for produce grown. In the case of monocropping, continues cropping is likewise associated with soil degradation and proliferation of insect past and also diseases pathogen.
A growing farm forestry industry creates many jobs in rural area, from raising and tending the tress through to harvesting, transporting and processing its different products while one species of crop in monocropping provide limited employment opportunity.
Trees provide great shade and shelter on the farm and they are potential superannuation policy which monocropping can not measure with.
Farm forestry improve our environment compared to monocropping in the following way,
a. Its prevent further wind erosion and sandy patches (with salt tolerant species )
b. Its provide attractiveness to the environment
c. It also gives more comfortable and enjoyable working environment.
d. Tree can reduce water logging and erosion caused by water and wind.
e. A wind break can reduce wind speed across paddock for a distance of 10 to 20 times its tree height
f. Farm forestry windbreak provide protection for livestock, crops and pastures
g. By intercepting rainfall and removing water from the soil, tress can prevent saline ground water rising to the surface, while its effect on agricultural production and nature conservation is disastrous
Different raw materials for further manufacturing and production are gotten from the forest compared to monocropping farm.
NAME: UBAK ANIETIE .E.
ReplyDeleteDEPT: CROP AND SOIL SCINECE
COURSE CODE: 201.1
MAT.NO: U2012/5005014
The Advantage Farm Forestry Has Over Mono Cropping
Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes, it focus on the role the trees play and their location or arrangement, forests grown on farms and their location or arrangement, forests grown on farms in combination with crops or used for grazing, is referred to as “agro forestry” it is also another sustainable land use for practice, which can diversify farm income and enhance the interaction between the level of trees and the level of pant growth through the long and short term activities takes place in a forest farming.
In this activities in forest farming, the trees take many years to mature and in that process, it shade crops (such as mushrooms, ginseng and goldenseal growing beneath them that take a considerably short time to become full grown
Monocropping is an agriculture practices in which same crop is planted year after year without the practice of crop rotation or resting the soil, it allows a farmer to specialize and particular crop, confidently with a high income.
Monocropping treat the whole area or land the same (same fertilize, pest control, etc) fewer kinds of equipment are needed in these cropping.
Economically, it is of great benefit and a way of gearing an economy towards a single crops is much easier and less expensive (less equipment and supplies) and produce much more. The more crops an area produces the more money it can make from them and the more control it has over the market of that crop.
Farm forestry system is advantageous over monocopping in the following ways:
1. It improve crop health, production and increase income opportunities
2. It helps in increasing the security of the yield
3. Fertility of soil for crops
4. It helps maintaining the cycle such as nitrogen cycle carbon cycle etc.
5. The trees are used for shade and shelter for stock, timbers, wind-breaks for crops.
6. It prevent erosion of soil
7. It helps lower the water table to remediate saline soils, improves water quality and create habitats for native animal and plants.
U2012/5005004
ReplyDeleteCROP AND SOIL SCIENCE.
forestry is the art of planting and managing forests and the utilization of their products while monocropping has to do with the growing or planting of only one species of crop such as maize in a piece of land.
Farm forestry has so many advantages over monocroppingd because monocropping has a range of crop that can be planted while farm forestry can plant as many species as wanted.
Farm forestry provides wood in the sense that the wood in the forest is converted into other form that are useful in man economy whereas monocropping plant cannot provide wood. Some of the trees in the forest are used for paper production.
Forestry also provide services like control of erosion and this helps the soil by converting raindrops into incepted water and stem flow when getting to the forest floor and is also used for bio-diesel.
Another advantage of forestry is that they provide atmospheric equilibrium where they are found like when trees cleared are felled for other developmental construction, a gap is created for oxygen and carbondioxide exchange and this is not desirable because plant(crops) absorbed carbon dioxide and use it during photosynthesis while sending out oxygen as by product.
It is used as home for wild animals such as Lion, Tigers, Leopard etc
NAME: OKONKWO KOSISOCHUKWU MARTINS
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: U2012/5015046
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSIONS
COURSE TITTLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT
IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING
Monocropping is the practice of planting only one type orspecie of crop in the same area of land from one year to another year. It ismore profitable for farmers since he/she only have to buy tools and machinery relating to the crop only once and therefore there is a high level of specialization. However, the disadvantages of practicing monocropping are much more than its advantages. Planting of one type of crop yearly drains the soils nutrient and weakens the soil therefore making it not able to support the growth of healthy plants. The application of fertilizers disrupts the natural composition of the soil and leads to further leaching. Monocroppingalso enhance the spreads diseasesand pest easily because the specie is the same throughout and is prone to the same disease. On the other hand, Forest farming is the land use system in which trees and shrubs are grown around crops in a farm. It is the growing and use of trees on the farms for commercial purposes. Here are some advantages farm forestry has over monocropping.
Provides habitat for plants and animals provide additional environment benefits to protecting already existing habitat and to offer a greater habitat overall area and enhance biodiversity
Trees take in atmospheric CO2 and pass out O2as a byproduct (Photosynthesis). This thereby reduces the amount of CO2in this atmosphere and increases the amount ofO2which animals respire. Trees also help in preventing Global warming.
Tress also restores land fertility because the leaves that fall into the soil, decomposes and add nutrient to the soil
A tree help to break the speed of running water thereby reducing the level of leaching and erosion of the top soil thereby making it more nutritious and supportive for plant growth and on the other hand reduces flooding.
forest farming serve as a scale that is appropriate to the landforms.
Objectives: one of the main objectives of farm forestry is to
Wikipedia. Monocropping and Agroforestry
Noel Kennedy blog of forest developers
NAME: UGOEZE PROMISE NKWACHUKWU
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: U2012/5010036
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT: ANIMAL SCIENCE AND FISHERIES
COURSE TITTLE: GENERAL AGRICULTURE
COURSE CODE: AGR 201.1
ASSIGNMENT
IN NOT MORE THAN 500 WORDS DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES FARM FORESTRY HAS OVER MONOCROPPING
Monocropping is the art of planting only one type of crop in the same piece of land from one year to another year. It is more profitable for farmers since he only have to buy the necessary tools and machines that relates to the crop only once and therefore there is a high level of specialization in that crop. However, the disadvantages of practicing monocropping are much more than its advantages. Planting of one type of crop yearly drains the soils nutrient and weakens the soil therefore making it not able to support the growth of healthy plants. Monocropping also enhance the spreads diseases and pest easily because the specie is the same throughout and is prone to the same disease. The application of fertilizers disrupts the natural composition of the soil and leads to further leaching.On the other hand, Forest farming is the growing and use of trees on the farms for commercial purposes and other uses. Here are some advantages farm forestry has over monocropping.
Provides habitat for plants and animals provide additional environment benefits to protecting already existing habitat and to offer a greater habitat overall area and enhance biodiversity
Tress also restores land fertility because the leaves that fall into the soil, decomposes and add nutrient to the soil
A tree help to break the speed of running water thereby reducing the level of erosion of the top soil thereby making the soil of forest farm more nutritious and supportive for plant growth and on the other hand reduces flooding by breaking the speed of running water.
FarmForestry serve as a scale that is appropriate to the landforms. It protects the landform and maintains its topography, type etc.
Trees take in atmospheric CO2 and pass out O2as a byproduct (Photosynthesis). This thereby reduces the amount of CO2 in this atmosphere and increases the amount of O2which animals respire. Trees also help in preventing Global warming.
Farm forestry helps to reduce and minimize the intrusive effects of nature like wind storm, etc.
Reference
Wikipedia. Monocropping and Agroforestry
NAME: ESABILUE ANTONIA EFEMENA
ReplyDeleteDEPT: CROP AND SOIL SCIENCE
MAT NO: U2012/5005025
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy iot provides shade levels and habitat that favour growth and enhance production levels it enhance production levels , it enhances the marketability and sustain production of existing plants the dead and fallen off dead leaves of the forest trees are decomposed and add nutrients to the soil thereby making nutrients available to the plants.
it maintains forest integrity and environmental health increases benefits to the land owner crops like ginseng or shiitake mushrooms can be cultivated which have high market value while Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growth a single crop, year after year on the same land, in the absence of rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land (polyculture). Corn, Soybeans, and wheat are three common crops often grown using monocropping techniques.
The advantages farm foresty has over mono cropping is as follow:
As an important form of land sustainability Contributing to effective land use and sustainability of the land it is a form of agriculture which produces goods and services while continuing to protect the natural resource base (soil), while mono cropping which widely encourages excessive soil erosion is inefficient and obviously not sustainable. really helped for medicine e.g. pawpaw leaf can be used to cure malaria. really helped for medicine .e.g pawpaw leaf can be use to cure malaria.
Farm forestry really helped in the principles of taking a form structure. Farm forestry produce different variety of food for man to eat. But in monocropping you can get all the food cause it may not be that crop season. Forest farming have really helped in providing Job in the rural areas.
Farm forestry had helped in the provision of shade, habital for wild animals but mono-cropping does not have tress for shade that can provide protection against sunlight. In conclusion, farm forestry is more advantageous than mono-cropping. It stabilizes the climate in general and accentuates the seasons. I could go on and on but i would like to conclude by saying that the fewer varieties of crops encourage by mono-cropping can have a huge impact on the number and types of insect and vertabrate species over time. The UNIFAO has confirmed that over the last 100 years, 75% of the world's crop varieties have disappeared. There is a huge constraint on biodiversity in the world. these are issues which can be brought to a halt by by farm forestry, reforestation and conserving our forests.
UDE ESTHER NKECHINYERE
ReplyDeleteU2012/5015010
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
GENERAL AGRICULTURE (AGR 201.1forestry aspect)
Farm forestry is the practice of planting trees on the farm to produce trees, timber etc to the environment and improve the conditions of the farm.
Mono cropping refers to a system of farming which involves growing of a single crop year after year on the same land in the absence of rotation through other crops on the same land.
A difficulty with Mono cropping is that, the solution to one problem, whether economic or environmental may result in a cascade of other problems. For example, a well known concern is the introduction of pesticides and fertilizers into surrounding soil and ground water from extensive mono cropped farmlands (e.g DDT) which now focuses public attention to ecology and pollution. Soil depletion is also a negative effect of mono cropping, the soil has no opportunity for nutrient replenishment. In mono cropped farmlands with nitrogen deficient soil, nitrogen fixing plants cannot be planted alongside monoculture crops, chemical fertilizers are used to artificially fix nitrogen in the soil and when in excess can endanger the soil and disrupt soil ecology (including depletion or reduction in the diversity of soil nutrients and provides an unbuffered niche for parasitic species, increasing crop vulnerability to insects, plants and microbes). Cultural control of pests and diseases is either non-efficient or nonexistent in mono cropping. In times of climate change, monoculture crops tend to fail as they are not exposed to competition.
The core issue which serves as a subject for discuss concerns the balance between mono cropping advantages in increasing short term food production (especially in hunger - prone regions) and its disadvantages with respect to long term land stewardship, fostering local economic independence and ecological sustainability which farm forestry provides.
Mono cropping advocates that, its presence in the farming system is of paramount importance because, in its absence, many human populations would be reduced to starvation or to a degraded level of civilization.
In farm forestry, one tree equals so many raw materials (goods) and services, but mono cropping produces monoculture crops which provide only limited benefits. When diverse plant species are plant species are planted, crops are better able to withstand attack from both insects and pests, eliminating the needs for pesticides. Farm forestry contribute to the national economy in provision of food, wood, foreign exchange, paper pulp, non timber forest products like chewing stick, mortar and pestle, dyes and stains, medicinal plants, honey etc. Farm forestry also provides services like erosion control, maintenance of atmospheric equilibrium, watershed protection, and prevention of desertification, recreation and aesthetics.
Forests provide the perfect habitat for life to flourish. They actually contain most of the living species. Tropical forests possess the highest level of biodiversity.
Plants play a crucial role in the purification of our air. During photosynthesis, they absorb carbondioxide and release oxygen. We find plants a powerful tool to fight air pollution and global warming as a result of the release of the green house gases.
Forestry, which is the mother of all agricultural fields serves as the basis for mono cropping because, it arose as a result of the deforestation through land clearing for field cultivation.
By eliminating forests, we kill most of the biodiversity in the area. Some of the species are unique in the world, some are endemic and so, they quick disappear following the destruction of the habitat.
In summary, farm forestry is more natural and better for the ecosystem. The management of our forest on sustained yield basis provides a conducive atmosphere for all life forms.
NAME: CHIDI CHINEDU
ReplyDeleteMAT NO: U2012/5015009
DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
COURSE CODE: AGR. 201.1
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOMCROPPING
Farm forestry is said to be a system in which forest trees (economic trees) and food crops are planted on the same pieces of land it involves the integration of agriculture with forestry. farm forestry is also referred to as TAUNGYA system. it can take many forms such as plantation of farm, timber, spaced tree and native forest.
it can be said to be the used of resources (capital) towards the establishment and management of forest on their lands.
Monocropping on the other hand is the growing of a particular crop on a yearly basis on the same piece of land.
Farm forestry has a lot of advantages over monocropping such as, it helps the farmer to make effective use of the available fertile land for farming, with the planting of trees in the farm, the value (worth) of the farm is appreciated and this leads to an increase in profit, provision of income and a better standard of living for the farmer, Also. it creates room for provision of raw materials such as timber for the construction of chairs, tooth picks, wood for construction of bridges and increase in food production and availability.
Another key advantage farm forestry has over monocropping is the conservation of the ecosystem, conservation of the soil particles and nutrients, and with planting of trees in the farm helps in reducing loss of water from the soil. Also provision of homes for wild animals.
Further more, trees planted in the farm helps in the reduction of erosion, which is washing away of the soil particles and nutrients, reduces leaching, and reduces the growth of unwanted plants (weeds).
Monocropping has its own advantages, but some of its disadvantages are; decline in soil nutrients and fertility which is as a result of continuous cultivation/planting on the same piece of land annually, thereby making the farmer to use chemical fertilizers to improve plant growth which disrupts the natural components of the soil such as activities of micro organisms, nitrogen fixing bacteria and soil pH.
Finally, constant planting of the same crops in a particular piece of land encourages pest and diseases on the crops, thereby reducing plant yield and productivity which could cause scarcity of food, low income and poor standard of living to the farmers.
d. Natural Fences: In Monocropping crops like wheat, soybean and rice are commonly cultivated, which does not provide a hospitable habitat for bird species that nest in trees, also the H-plants (demarcation trees) are not practice in this system whereas in farm forestry natural fences consisting of trees or shrubs are possible alternatives to metal or stone fences.
ReplyDeletee. Carbon Sequestration: Farm forestry has a superior/large amount of carbon sequestration in the atmosphere when compared to monomcropping system both above (emergent layer/tower) and below ground level.
OGBOLU BLESSING NKECHI
ReplyDeleteU2012/5020014
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MGT.
AGR 201.1
Forest farming is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production levels. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated systems from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modifying forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants.
Advantages:
A need to prevent further wind erosion on sandy patches.
A need to stop further development of salt patches (with salt tolerant species).
Attractiveness of additional income from timber
A more comfortable ad enjoyable working environment.
Tree planting add value to property.
Products from tree will provide additional income.
Trees benefit the environment.
Relatively low inputs are required to establish and manage trees.
Low risk investment.
Trees improve the appearance of farm landscape.
Monocropping: Is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the absence rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land (polyculture). Corn, soybeans, and wheat are three common crops often grown using monocropping techniques.
Monocropping as an agricultural strategy tends to emphasize the use of expensive specialized farm equipment — an important component in realizing its efficiency goals.
Advantages and disadvantages:
A difficulty with monocropping is that the solution to one problem — whether economic, environmental or political — may result in a cascade of other problems. For example, a well-known concern is pesticides and fertilizers seeping into surrounding soil and groundwater from extensive monocropped acreage in the U.S. and abroad.
Soil depletion is also a negative effect of mono-cropping. Crop rotation plays an important role in replenishing soil nutrients, especially atmospheric nitrogen converted to usable forms by nitrogen-fixing plants used in fallow fields. In addition, it performs an important role in preventing pathogen and pest build-up. In a monocropping regime, farmers are less likely to rotate their crops and replenish such essential soil nutrients. In addition, artificial high-nitrogen fertilizers can "burn" the soil by creating an unfavorable environment for indigenous organisms, a phenomenon well-known to organic gardeners and farmers (who avoid it), resulting in further disruption of soil ecology and dependence on further short-term fertilizer strategies. Lacking a stable ecology, in the absence of substantial irrigation and chemical "fixes" the soil can become dry and begin to erode. As the soil becomes arid and useless, the need for more land becomes an issue, leading to the destruction of even more land — a high-tech version of slash and burn agriculture.
In order to help reduce dependence on fossil fuels the U.S. government subsidizes the monocropping of corn and soybeans to be used in ethanol production .However monocropping itself is highly chemical- and energy-intensive. Diseases and pests spread quickly. If that kind of crop doesn't do well in that year's conditions, you are going to lose out. You don't have something else that might be doing well.
Nevertheless; farmers treat the whole area with the same fertilizer, pest control, etc. and fewer kinds of equipment needed.
NAME: AKARA MILDRED.
ReplyDeleteFACULTY: AGRICULTURE
DEPT:FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
MAT NO: U2012/5020018.
Farm forestry is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat for favourable growth and enhance production levels. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated systems from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modifying forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants. Advantages of Farm Forestry over Monocropping includes:
• Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food
• Protection of the environment: farm forestry provides services such as provision of shade, habitat for wild animals’ example are mangifera indica and dogo yaro trees thereby improving the living conditions around the farm while monocropping does not have trees for shade that can provide protection against sunlight thereby causing harmful or unfavorable conditions around the farm.
• Nitrogen fixation: in farm forestry, nitrogen fixation takes place or recycling which improves the soil structure and the soil nutrient while in monocropping, nitrogen fixation does not occur which could lead to deficiency in soil nutrient
• Increase in productivity: forest farming uses different methods to multiply our trees which brings about increase in productivity while monocropping is mainly concerned with deforestation
• High market value products: farm forestry involves cultivating non timber forest products or niche crops most of which have high market value like ginseng or shitake mushroom etc while in monocropping, crops like maize, cassava, yam etc are raised which depletes the soil.
• Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
. Natural Fences: In Monocropping crops like wheat, soybean and rice are commonly cultivated, which does not provide a hospitable habitat for bird species that nest in trees, also the H-plants (demarcation trees) are not practice in this system whereas in farm forestry natural fences consisting of trees or shrubs are possible alternatives to metal or stone fences.
. Carbon Sequestration: Farm forestry has a superior/large amount of carbon sequestration in the atmosphere when compared to monomcropping system both above (emergent layer/tower) and below ground level.
THE ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCOPPING
ReplyDeleteFarm forestry growing of specialty of crops or plants under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade level and habitat that favour growth and enhance production level. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated system from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modify forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants. On the other hand, Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on same piece of land. The following are some of the advantages of farm forestry over monocropping
Farm forestry is a type of agroforestry practice that is characterized bythe system that combines trees with crops or livestockor both, on the same piece of land. It focuses on increasing benefits to the landowner as well as maintaining forest integrity and environmental health. The practice involves cultivating non-timber forest products or niche crops, some of which,such as ginseng or shiltake mushroom, can have high market value. While in monocropping diverse species are not planted rather it is only one particular species.
Farm forestry does not involve the use of expensive farm equipment in the other hand, monocropping as an agricultural strategy tends to emphasize the use of expensive specialized farm equipment -an important component in realizing its efficiency goals. This can lead to an increased dependency on fossil fuels ando reliance on expensive machinery that cannot be produced locally and may need to be financed.
Farm forestry produces high quality fodder especially useful in drought condition and in times of feed shortage unlike monocropping. Trees beside water courses provide shade and thus improve water quality and biodiversity. Fencing off stream and planting trees provides a natural filter that reduces siltatation and nutrient runoff into water courses. This means environmental benefits aesthetic value and also provides satisfaction to the landowner.
Farm forestry trees provide a very attractive setting in any rural landscape. Deciduous trees provide wonderful autumn colours, while evergreen trees provide a forest setting, shade and tranquility unlike monocropping.
In conclusion forest provides many environmental benefits to society. These include improved water quality and reduce soil erosion, along with landscape, biodiversity and recreation values. Healthy forest in critical catchments reduce flood damage downstream and therefore reduce the cost to society from such event, by encouraging the use of timber and timber products. While all these are not applicable to mono cropping.
In farm forestry, shelterbelt of trees can increase pasture productivity by providing a warmer microclimate. These trees can also yield valuable timber or fibre and can increase overall farm income by providing shade for stock, trees on farms reduces stress on animal and improve the environment, thus improving productivity while in monocropping, planting the same crop each year zaps nutrients from the earth and leaves soil weak and unable to support healthy plant growth. Because soil structure and quality is so poor, farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizer to encourage plant growth and fruit production. These fertilizers in turn disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and contribute further to nutrient depletion. Monocropping also creates the spread of pest and diseases which must be treated with yet more chemicals. The effects of monocropping on the environment are severe when pesticides and fertilizer make their way into ground water or become airborne, creating pollution.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM FORESTRY OVER MONOCROPPING
ReplyDeleteMonocropping is the practice of growing a single crop year after
year on the same piece of land, while Farm forestry is the growing and use of trees on farms for commercial purposes. Some of the advantages over farm forestry are listed below;
Increase Revenue: Farm forestry provides a continuous cycle of economic cropping that provides both short-term and long-term land stewardship and the fostering of local economic independence and ecological sustainability that leads to increase in income but mono crops do not have crop products that increase economic values but decreases it.
Medicinal Herbs: Forestry or farm forest farming provides man with medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Black cohosh, Goldenseal that contributes immensely to good health thereby increasing the level of productivity for its only a healthy strong man that goes to forest farms and work but in mono crops there is no such thing because they don’t have herbal crops resulting to low productivity as a result of ill health due to lack of medicinal herbs.
Provision of food: farm forestry provides us with food such as vegetables, nuts example black walnut, hazelnut, fruits like pawpaw, blackberry, food crops like honey, mushrooms, syrups, and other products such as mulch, decorative, crafts, dyes, pine straw, vines, native ornaments etc while mono crops provides us with little or no food
Animal feeding and Conservation: Tree crops is a crop- yielding trees in farm forestry that provides useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programmes as well as conserve environmental health.
Soil regeneration and restoration: Forest farming has great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal land while monocropping damages soil ecology and leads to depletion or reduction in diversity of soil nutrients since the mono crops can’t control floods and droughts.
The rhizobium root relationship and the fixing of atmosphere nitrogen is very high in forest farming that in monocropping because each crop has a specific rhizobium bacteria, so different nitrogen fixing bacteria are formed in the root of forest crop and sufficient nitrogen (Ammonia). While in monocropping, there is only one type of nitrogen fixing bacteria. Gaseous exchange is higher in forest farming than in monocropping and helps influence environment around it.
Farm forestry encourage land sustainability and provides various goods and services ranging from crop meat, hides, medicine, raw material and timber; while in monocropping, you are limited to only type of crop.
NAME:EJIKWOTU KELVIN NNAEMEKA. DEPT:FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MGT. .MAT NO:U2012/5020012.
ReplyDeleteFarm forest: this is the growing and use of trees for commercial purposes. Foret grown on farms in combination of with crops or used for grazin is referred to agroforestry.
Monocropping: it is the prctice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area.monocropping has its own advantage but some of its disadantages are decline on soil nutrient and fertility which is as a result of continuous cultivation/planting on the same piece of land annually thereby making the farmer to use chemical fertilizer to inprove plant growth which disrupts the natural component of the soil. Such as activities of micro organmisms nitrogen fixing constant plant of same crop an a particular piece of land encorages pest and disease on the crops therby reducing plant yield nd productivity............thanks.yd n
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